The APG IV system of flowering plant classification is the fourth version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy for

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...

s (angiosperms) being developed by the

Angiosperm Phylogeny Group The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) is an informal international group of systematic botanists who collaborate to establish a consensus on the taxonomy of flowering plants (angiosperms) that reflects new knowledge about plant relationships disc ...

(APG). It was published in 2016, seven years after its predecessor the APG III system was published in 2009, and 18 years after the first

APG system The APG system (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group system) of plant classification is the first version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy. Published in 1998 by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, it was replaced by the improved A ...

was published in 1998. In 2009, a linear arrangement of the system was published separately; the APG IV paper includes such an arrangement, cross-referenced to the 2009 one. Compared to the APG III system, the APG IV system recognizes five new orders (

Boraginales Boraginales is an order of flowering plants in the asterid clade. It includes the Boraginaceae and a number of other families, with a total of about 125 genera and 2,700 species. Its herbs, shrubs, trees and lianas (vines) have a worldwide distri ...

Dilleniales The Dilleniales are an order of flowering plants, potentially containing one family, Dilleniaceae. The APG III system of 2009, like the earlier APG II system of 2003, left the Dilleniaceae unplaced as to order, while noting that the name Dillenia ...

Icacinales Icacinales is an order of Angiosperms. The order did not exist in the 2009 APG III system, and was added in the 2016 APG IV system, including two families, Icacinaceae The Icacinaceae, also called the white pear family, are a family of flow ...

, Metteniusales and Vahliales), along with some new families, making a total of 64 angiosperm orders and 416 families. In general, the authors describe their philosophy as "conservative", based on making changes from APG III only where "a well-supported need" has been demonstrated. This has sometimes resulted in placements that are not compatible with published studies, but where further research is needed before the classification can be changed.

Short version

Detailed version

Key to symbols used: :* = the family has been added or its circumscription changed since the APG III system of 2009 :† = the order has been added since the APG III system

Basal angiosperms The basal angiosperms are the flowering plants which diverged from the lineage leading to most flowering plants. In particular, the most basal angiosperms were called the ANITA grade, which is made up of ''Amborella'' (a single species of shrub f ...

Amborellales ''Amborella'' is a monotypic genus of understory shrubs or small trees endemic to the main island, Grande Terre, of New Caledonia in the southwest Pacific Ocean. The genus is the only member of the family Amborellaceae and the order Ambor ...

Melikyan et al. **

Amborellaceae ''Amborella'' is a monotypic genus of understory shrubs or small trees endemic to the main island, Grande Terre, of New Caledonia in the southwest Pacific Ocean. The genus is the only member of the family Amborellaceae and the order Amborellale ...

Pichon, nom. cons. *

Nymphaeales The Nymphaeales are an order of flowering plants, consisting of three families of aquatic plants, the Hydatellaceae, the Cabombaceae, and the Nymphaeaceae (water lilies). It is one of the three orders of basal angiosperms, an early-diverging ...

Salisb. ex Bercht. & J.Presl **

Hydatellaceae Hydatellaceae are a family of small, aquatic flowering plants. The family consists of tiny, relatively simple plants occurring in Australasia and India. It was formerly considered to be related to the grasses and sedges (order Poales), but has b ...

U.Hamann **

Cabombaceae The Cabombaceae are a family of aquatic, herbaceous flowering plants. A common name for its species is water shield. The family is recognised as distinct in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group IV system (2016). The family consists of two genera of ...

Rich. ex A.Rich., nom. cons. ** Nymphaeaceae Salisb., nom. cons. *

Austrobaileyales Austrobaileyales is an order of flowering plants consisting of about 100 species of woody plants growing as trees, shrubs and lianas. The best-known species is ''Illicium verum'', commonly known as star anise. The order belongs to the group of ...

Takht. ex Reveal **

Austrobaileyaceae ''Austrobaileya'' is the sole genus consisting of a single species that constitutes the entire flowering plant family Austrobaileyaceae. The species ''Austrobaileya scandens'' grows naturally only in the Wet Tropics rainforests of northe ...

Croizat, nom. cons. **

Trimeniaceae Trimeniaceae is a family of flowering plants recognized by most taxonomists, at least for the past several decades. It is a small family of one genus, '' Trimenia'', with eight known species (Christenhusz & Byng 2016) of woody plants, bearing ess ...

Gibbs, nom. cons. **

Schisandraceae Schisandraceae is a family of flowering plants with 3 known genera and a total of 92 known species. Such a family has been recognized by most taxonomists, at least for the past several decades. Before that, the plants concerned were assigned to f ...

Blume, nom. cons.

Magnoliids Magnoliids (or Magnoliidae or Magnolianae) are a clade of flowering plants. With more than 10,000 species, including magnolias, nutmeg, bay laurel, cinnamon, avocado, black pepper, tulip tree and many others, it is the third-largest group of a ...

Canellales Canellales is the botanical name for an order of flowering plants, one of the four orders of the magnoliids. It is recognized by the most recent classification of flowering plants, the APG IV system. It is defined to contain two families: Canel ...

Cronq. **

Canellaceae The Canellaceae are a family of flowering plants in the order Canellales.Walter S. Judd, Christopher S. Campbell, Elizabeth A. Kellogg, Peter F. Stevens, and Michael J. Donoghue. 2008. ''Plant Systematics: A Phylogenetic Approach'', Third Edition ...

Mart., nom. cons. **

Winteraceae Winteraceae is a primitive family of tropical trees and shrubs including 93 species in five genera. It is of particular interest because it is such a primitive angiosperm family, distantly related to Magnoliaceae, though it has a much more s ...

R.Br. ex Lindl., nom. cons. *

Piperales Piperales is an order of flowering plants (4,170 recognized species). It necessarily includes the family Piperaceae but other taxa have been included or disincluded variously over time. Well-known plants which may be included in this order inclu ...

Bercht. & J.Presl **

Saururaceae Saururaceae is a plant family comprising four genera and seven species of herbaceous flowering plants native to eastern and southern Asia and North America. The family has been recognised by most taxonomists, and is sometimes known as the "lizard ...

Rich. ex T.Lestib., nom. cons. **

Piperaceae The Piperaceae (), also known as the pepper family, are a large family of flowering plants. The group contains roughly 3,600 currently accepted species in 5 genera. The vast majority of species can be found within the two main genera: ''Piper'' ...

Giseke, nom. cons. **

Aristolochiaceae The Aristolochiaceae () are a family, the birthwort family, of flowering plants with seven genera and about 400 known species belonging to the order Piperales. The type genus is ''Aristolochia'' L. Description They are mostly perennial, he ...

Juss., nom. cons. * (including Asaraceae Vent., Hydnoraceae C.Agardh, nom. cons., Lactoridaceae Engl., nom. cons.) *

Magnoliales The Magnoliales are an order of flowering plants. Classification The Magnoliales include six families: * Annonaceae (custard apple family, over 2000 species of trees, shrubs, and lianas; mostly tropical but some temperate) * Degeneriaceae (two ...

Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl **

Myristicaceae The Myristicaceae are a Family (biology), family of flowering plants native to Africa, Asia, Pacific islands, and the Americas and has been recognized by most taxonomists. It is sometimes called the "nutmeg family", after its most famous member, ...

R.Br., nom. cons. **

Magnoliaceae The Magnoliaceae () are a flowering plant family, the magnolia family, in the order Magnoliales. It consists of two genera: ''Magnolia'' and '' Liriodendron'' (tulip trees). Unlike most angiosperms, whose flower parts are in whorls (rings), t ...

Juss., nom. cons. **

Degeneriaceae ''Degeneria'' is a genus of flowering plants endemic to Fiji. It is the only genus in the family Degeneriaceae. The APG IV system of 2016 (unchanged from the APG system of 1998, the APG II system of 2003 and the APG III system of 2009), recogniz ...

I.W.Bailey & A.C.Sm., nom. cons. **

Himantandraceae Himantandraceae is a family of flowering plants recognized by the APG II system of 2003, assigned to the order Magnoliales in the clade magnoliids. The family consists of only one genus, ''Galbulimima'', of probably two species, trees and shrubs, ...

Diels, nom. cons. **

Eupomatiaceae ''Eupomatia'' is a genus of three flowering shrub species of the Australian continent, constituting the only genus in the ancient family Eupomatiaceae. The Eupomatiaceae have been recognised by most taxonomists and classified in the plant order ...

Orb., nom. cons. **

Annonaceae The Annonaceae are a family of flowering plants consisting of trees, shrubs, or rarely lianas commonly known as the custard apple family or soursop family. With 108 accepted genera and about 2400 known species, it is the largest family in the Ma ...

Juss., nom. cons. *

Laurales The Laurales are an order of flowering plants. They are magnoliids, related to the Magnoliales. The order includes about 2500-2800 species from 85-90 genera, which comprise seven families of trees and shrubs. Most of the species are tropical an ...

Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl **

Calycanthaceae The Calycanthaceae (sweetshrubs or spicebushes) are a small family of flowering plants in the order Laurales. The family contains three genera and only 10 known species , restricted to warm temperate and tropical regions: * '' Calycanthus'' (thr ...

Lindl., nom. cons. **

Siparunaceae Siparunaceae is a family of flowering plants in the magnoliid order Laurales. It consists of two genera of woody plants, with essential oils: '' Glossocalyx'' in West Africa and '' Siparuna'' in the neotropics. ''Glossocalyx'' is monospecific ...

Schodde **

Gomortegaceae ''Gomortega keule'' (syn. ''G. nitida''; Spanish names ''keule'', ''queule'', and ''hualhual'') is a tree native to Chile. It is the sole species of the genus ''Gomortega'' and, according to the APG IV system of 2016 (unchanged from the APG syste ...

Reiche, nom. cons. **

Atherospermataceae The Atherospermataceae, commonly known as the southern sassafrases, are a family of broadleaf evergreen trees and shrubs. The family includes 14 species in seven genera. The atherosperms are today mostly distributed in the Southern Hemisphere, w ...

R.Br. **

Hernandiaceae The Hernandiaceae are a family of flowering plants (angiosperms) in the order Laurales. Consisting of five genera with about 58 known species, they are distributed over the world's tropical areas, some of them widely distributed in coastal areas ...

Blume, nom. cons. **

Monimiaceae The Monimiaceae is a family of flowering plants in the magnoliid order Laurales.Peter F. Stevens (2001 onwards). "Monimiaceae" At: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. At: Botanical Databases At: Missouri Botanical Garden Website. (see ''External links' ...

Juss., nom. cons. ** Lauraceae Juss., nom. cons.

Independent lineage: unplaced to more inclusive clade

Chloranthales Chloranthaceae is a family of flowering plants (angiosperms), the only family in the order Chloranthales. It is not closely related to any other family of flowering plants, and is among the early-diverging lineages in the angiosperms. They are ...

Mart. **

Chloranthaceae Chloranthaceae is a family of flowering plants (angiosperms), the only family in the order Chloranthales. It is not closely related to any other family of flowering plants, and is among the early-diverging lineages in the angiosperms. They are ...

R.Br. ex Sims, nom. cons.

Monocots Monocotyledons (), commonly referred to as monocots, ( Lilianae '' sensu'' Chase & Reveal) are grass and grass-like flowering plants (angiosperms), the seeds of which typically contain only one embryonic leaf, or cotyledon. They constitute one of ...

Acorales ''Acorus'' is a genus of monocot flowering plants. This genus was once placed within the family Araceae (aroids), but more recent classifications place it in its own family Acoraceae and order Acorales, of which it is the sole genus of the old ...

Mart. **

Acoraceae ''Acorus'' is a genus of monocot flowering plants. This genus was once placed within the family Araceae (aroids), but more recent classifications place it in its own family Acoraceae and order Acorales, of which it is the sole genus of the oldes ...

Martinov *

Alismatales The Alismatales (alismatids) are an order of flowering plants including about 4,500 species. Plants assigned to this order are mostly Tropical vegetation, tropical or Aquatic plant, aquatic. Some grow in fresh water, some in marine habitats. ...

R.Br. ex Bercht. & J.Presl **

Araceae The Araceae are a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants in which flowers are borne on a type of inflorescence called a spadix. The spadix is usually accompanied by, and sometimes partially enclosed in, a spathe (or leaf-like bract). A ...

Juss., nom. cons. **

Tofieldiaceae Tofieldiaceae is a family of flowering plants in the monocot order Alismatales.Vernon H. Heywood, Richard K. Brummitt, Ole Seberg, and Alastair Culham. ''Flowering Plant Families of the World''. Firefly Books: Ontario, Canada. (2007). . The fami ...

Takht. **

Alismataceae The water-plantains (Alismataceae) are a family of flowering plants, comprising 19 genera (17 extant and 2 fossil) and 117 species. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution, with the greatest number of species in temperate regions of the Northe ...

Vent., nom. cons. **

Butomaceae ''Butomus'' is the only known genus in the plant family Butomaceae, native to Europe and Asia. It is considered invasive in some parts of the United States. Taxonomy The Butomaceae family has been recognized by most taxonomists as a pla ...

Mirb., nom. cons. **

Hydrocharitaceae Hydrocharitaceae is a flowering plant family including 16 known genera with a total of ca 135 known species (Christenhusz & Byng 2016), that including a number of species of aquatic plant, for instance the tape-grasses, the well known Canadian ...

Juss., nom. cons. **

Scheuchzeriaceae ''Scheuchzeria palustris'' (Rannoch-rush, or pod grass), is a flowering plant in the family Scheuchzeriaceae, in which there is only one species and ''Scheuchzeria'' is the only genus. In the APG II system it is placed in the order Alismatales of ...

F.Rudolphi, nom. cons. **

Aponogetonaceae The Aponogetonaceae (the Cape-pondweed family or aponogeton family) are a family of flowering plants in the order Alismatales. In recent decades the family has had universal recognition by taxonomists. The APG system (1998) and APG II system (20 ...

Planch., nom. cons. **

Juncaginaceae Juncaginaceae is a family of flowering plants, recognized by most taxonomists for the past few decades. It is also known as the ''arrowgrass'' family. It includes 3 genera with a total of 34 known species (Christenhusz & Byng 2016 ). The APG II ...

Rich., nom. cons. * ** Maundiaceae Nakai * **

Zosteraceae Zosteraceae (one of the four seagrasses families, Kubitzki ed. 1998) is a family of marine perennial flowering plants found in temperate and subtropical coastal waters, with the highest diversity located around Korea and Japan. Most seagrasses ...

Dumort., nom. cons. **

Potamogetonaceae The Potamogetonaceae, commonly referred to as the pondweed family, is an aquatic family of monocotyledonous flowering plants. The roughly 110 known species are divided over six genera. The largest genus in the family by far is ''Potamogeton'', w ...

Bercht. & J.Presl, nom. cons **

Posidoniaceae ''Posidonia'' is a genus of flowering plants. It contains nine species of marine plants ("seagrass"), found in the seas of the Mediterranean and around the south coast of Australia. The APG system (1998) and APG II system (2003) accept this gen ...

Vines, nom. cons. **

Ruppiaceae ''Ruppia'', also known as the widgeonweeds, ditch grasses or widgeon grass, is the only extant genus in the family Ruppiaceae, with eight known species. These are aquatic plants widespread over much of the world. The genus name honours Heinrich ...

Horan., nom. cons. **

Cymodoceaceae Cymodoceaceae is a family of flowering plants, sometimes known as the "manatee-grass family", which includes only marine species. The 2016 APG IV does recognize Cymodoceaceae and places it in the order Alismatales, in the clade monocots. The fam ...

Vines, nom. cons. *

Petrosaviales Petrosaviaceae is a family of flowering plants belonging to a monotypic order, Petrosaviales. Petrosaviales are monocots, and are grouped within the lilioid monocots. Petrosaviales are a very small order (one family, two genera and four species ...

Takht. **

Petrosaviaceae Petrosaviaceae is a family of flowering plants belonging to a monotypic order, Petrosaviales. Petrosaviales are monocots, and are grouped within the lilioid monocots. Petrosaviales are a very small order (one family, two genera and four species ...

Hutch., nom. cons. *

Dioscoreales The Dioscoreales are an order of monocotyledonous flowering plants in modern classification systems, such as the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group and the Angiosperm Phylogeny Web. Within the monocots Dioscoreales are grouped in the lilioid monocots w ...

Mart. **

Nartheciaceae Nartheciaceae is a family of flowering plants. The APG III system places it in the order Dioscoreales, in the clade monocots. As circumscribed by APG IV (2016) it includes 35 species of herbaceous plants in the following five genera: * ''Aletr ...

Fr. ex Bjurzon **

Burmanniaceae Burmanniaceae is a family of flowering plants, consisting of 99 species of herbaceous plants in eight genera. Description These plants are annual or perennial herbs, with generally unbranched stems, some lacking leaves. Some members of this fam ...

Blume, nom. cons. (not monophyletic.) **

Dioscoreaceae Dioscoreaceae () is a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants, with about 715 known species in nine genera. The best-known member of the family is the yam (some species of ''Dioscorea''). The APG system (1998) and APG II system (2003) both ...

R.Br., nom. cons. * Pandanales R.Br. ex Bercht. & J.Presl **

Triuridaceae Triuridaceae are a family of tropical and subtropical flowering plants, including nine genera with a total of approximately 55 known species. All members lack chlorophyll and are mycoheterotrophic (obtain food by digesting intracellular fungi, o ...

Gardner, nom. cons. **

Velloziaceae Velloziaceae is a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants. The APG II system, of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system, 1998), also recognizes this family, and assigns it to the order Pandanales. Relationships and evolution By contrast to oth ...

J.Agardh, nom. cons. ** Stemonaceae Caruel, nom. cons. **

Cyclanthaceae Cyclanthaceae is a family of flowering plants. Taxonomy Earlier systems, such as the Cronquist system and the Takhtajan system, placed it as the sole family in the order Cyclanthales. In the classification system of Dahlgren the Cyclanthaceae w ...

Poit. ex A.Rich., nom. cons. ** Pandanaceae R.Br., nom. cons. * Liliales Perleb **

Campynemataceae Campynemataceae (Campynemaceae) is a family of flowering plants. The family consists of two genera and four species of perennial herbaceous plants endemic to New Caledonia and Tasmania. Taxonomy Originally described by Dumortier in 1829, Campy ...

Dumort. **

Corsiaceae Corsiaceae is a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants. The APG II system (2003) treats the family in the order Liliales, in the clade monocots. This is a slight change from the APG system, of 1998, which left the family unplaced as to order ...

Becc. Odoardo Beccari (16 November 1843 – 25 October 1920) was an Italian botanist famous for his discoveries in Indonesia, particularly New Guinea, and Australia. He has been called the greatest botanist to ever study Malesia. His author abbrevi ...

, nom. cons. **

Melanthiaceae Melanthiaceae, also called the bunchflower family, is a family of flowering herbaceous perennial plants native to the Northern Hemisphere. Along with many other lilioid monocots, early authors considered members of this family to belong to t ...

Batsch ex Borkh., nom. cons. ** Petermanniaceae Hutch, nom. cons. **

Alstroemeriaceae Alstroemeriaceae is a family of flowering plants, with 254 known species in four genera (Christenhusz & Byng 2016 ), almost entirely native to the Americas, from Central America to southern South America. One species of '' Luzuriaga'' occurs in ...

Dumort., nom. cons. **

Colchicaceae Colchicaceae is a family of flowering plants that includes 15 genera with a total of about 285 known species according to Christenhusz and Byng in 2016. Description The family is characterized by the presence of colchicine. Taxonomy The APG III ...

DC., nom. cons. **

Philesiaceae Philesiaceae is a family of flowering plants, including two genera, each with a single species. The members of the family are woody shrubs or vines endemic to southern Chile. The APG III system, of 2009 (unchanged from the APG II system of 2003 ...

Dumort., nom. cons. **

Ripogonaceae ''Ripogonum'' (sometimes ''Rhipogonum'') is a genus of flowering plants confined to eastern Australia, New Zealand, and New Guinea. Until recently this genus was included in the family Smilacaceae, and earlier in the family Liliaceae, but it ha ...

Conran & Clifford **

Smilacaceae Smilacaceae, the greenbriers, is a family of flowering plants. While they were often assigned to a more broadly defined family Liliaceae, most recent botanists have accepted the two as distinct families, diverging around 55 million years ago dur ...

Vent., nom. cons. **

Liliaceae The lily family, Liliaceae, consists of about 15 genera and 610 species of flowering plants within the order Liliales. They are monocotyledonous, perennial, herbaceous, often bulbous geophytes. Plants in this family have evolved with a fair a ...

Juss., nom. cons. *

Asparagales Asparagales (asparagoid lilies) is an order of plants in modern classification systems such as the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) and the Angiosperm Phylogeny Web. The order takes its name from the type family Asparagaceae and is placed in t ...

Link **

Orchidaceae Orchids are plants that belong to the family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant. Along with the Asteraceae, they are one of the two largest families of flowering ...

Juss., nom. cons. **

Boryaceae Boryaceae is a family of highly drought-tolerant flowering plants native to Australia, placed in the order Asparagales of the monocots. The family includes two genera, with twelve species in total in Australia. Until recently, this family was no ...

M.W.Chase et al. ** Blandfordiaceae R.Dahlgren & Clifford **

Asteliaceae Asteliaceae is a family of flowering plants, placed in the order Asparagales of the monocots. The family has only recently been recognized by taxonomists. The APG III system of 2009 (unchanged from the 1998 and 2003 versions) does recognize th ...

Dumort. **

Lanariaceae ''Lanaria'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants containing a single species, ''Lanaria lanata'', endemic to the southern coast of South Africa where it is associated with the fynbos belt. ''Lanaria lanata'' is commonly known as Cape edelwei ...

H.Huber ex R.Dahlgren **

Hypoxidaceae Hypoxidaceae is a family of flowering plants, placed in the order Asparagales of the monocots. The APG IV system of 2016 (unchanged from the 1998, 2003, and 2009 versions) recognizes this family. The family consists of four genera totalling som ...

R.Br., nom. cons. **

Doryanthaceae ''Doryanthes'' is the sole genus in the flowering plant family Doryanthaceae. The genus consists of two species, '' D. excelsa'' (gymea lily) and '' D. palmeri'' (giant spear lily), both endemic natives of the coast of Eastern Australia., p. 312 ...

R.Dahlgren & Clifford **

Ixioliriaceae ''Ixiolirion'' is a Genus (biology), genus of flowering plants native to central Asia, central and southwest Asia, first described as a genus in 1821. Recent classifications place the group in the monogeneric Family (biology), family Ixioliriacea ...

Nakai (as 'Ixiolirionaceae'; spelling corrected) **

Tecophilaeaceae Tecophilaeaceae is a family of flowering plants, placed in the order Asparagales of the monocots. It consists of nine genera with a total of 27 species. The family has only recently been recognized by taxonomists. The APG IV system of 2016 (un ...

Leyb., nom. cons. **

Iridaceae Iridaceae is a family of plants in order Asparagales, taking its name from the irises, meaning rainbow, referring to its many colours. There are 66 accepted genera with a total of c. 2244 species worldwide (Christenhusz & Byng 2016). It include ...

Juss., nom. cons. **

Xeronemataceae ''Xeronema'' is a genus of flowering plants containing two species, '' Xeronema moorei'' from New Caledonia, and ''Xeronema callistemon'' (the Poor Knights lily) from the Poor Knights Islands and Taranga Island in New Zealand. The plants are he ...

M.W.Chase et al. **

Asphodelaceae Asphodelaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Asparagales. Such a family has been recognized by most taxonomists, but the circumscription has varied widely. In its current circumscription in the APG IV system, it includes about 4 ...

Juss., nom. cons. prop. (including Xanthorrhoeaceae Dumort., nom. cons.) ** Amaryllidaceae J.St.-Hil., nom. cons. ** Asparagaceae Juss., nom. cons. *

Arecales Arecales is an order of flowering plants. The order has been widely recognised only for the past few decades; until then, the accepted name for the order including these plants was Principes. Taxonomy The APG IV system of 2016 places Dasypogo ...

Bromhead **

Dasypogonaceae Dasypogonaceae is a family of flowering plants, one that has not been commonly recognized by taxonomists; the plants it contains were usually included in the family Xanthorrhoeaceae. If valid, Dasypogonaceae includes four genera with 16 species. ...

Dumort. ** Arecaceae Bercht. & J.Presl, nom. cons. (=Palmae Juss., nom. cons.) *

Commelinales Commelinales is an order of flowering plants. It comprises five families: Commelinaceae, Haemodoraceae, Hanguanaceae, Philydraceae, and Pontederiaceae. All the families combined contain over 885 species in about 70 genera; the majority of sp ...

Mirb. ex Bercht. & J.Presl **

Hanguanaceae ''Hanguana'' is a genus of flowering plants with a dozen known species. It is the only genus in the family Hanguanaceae. The APG IV system of 2016 recognizes such a family and places it in the order Commelinales, in the clade commelinids, in th ...

Airy Shaw **

Commelinaceae Commelinaceae is a family of flowering plants. In less formal contexts, the group is referred to as the dayflower family or spiderwort family. It is one of five families in the order Commelinales and by far the largest of these with about 731 kno ...

Mirb., nom. cons. ** Philydraceae Link, nom. cons. **

Pontederiaceae Pontederiaceae is a family of flowering plants. The APG IV system of 2016 (unchanged from the APG III system of 2009, the APG II system of 2003 and the APG system of 1998) places the family in the order Commelinales, in the commelinid clade, ...

Kunth, nom. cons. **

Haemodoraceae Haemodoraceae is a family of perennial herbaceous flowering plants with 14 genera and 102 known species. It is sometimes known as the "bloodwort family". Primarily a Southern Hemisphere family, they are found in South Africa, Australia and New ...

R.Br., nom. cons. *

Zingiberales The Zingiberales are flowering plants forming one of four orders in the commelinids clade of monocots, together with its sister order, Commelinales. The order includes 68 genera and 2,600 species. Zingiberales are a unique though morphologi ...

Griseb. ** Strelitziaceae Hutch., nom. cons. **

Lowiaceae ''Orchidantha'' is a genus of flowering plants. In the APG III system, it is placed in the family Lowiaceae, as the sole genus. It includes the plants in the formerly recognised genera ''Lowia'' and ''Protamomum''. ''Orchidantha'' remains a poo ...

Ridl., nom. cons. **

Heliconiaceae ''Heliconia'', derived from the Greek word (), is a genus of flowering plants in the monotypic family Heliconiaceae. Most of the ca 194 known species are native to the tropical Americas, but a few are indigenous to certain islands of the ...

Vines ** Musaceae Juss., nom. cons. **

Cannaceae ''Canna'' or canna lily is the only genus of flowering plants in the family Cannaceae, consisting of 10 species.The Cannaceae of the World, H. Maas-van der Kamer & P.J.M. Maas, BLUMEA 53: 247-318 Cannas are not true lilies, but have been ass ...

Juss., nom. cons. **

Marantaceae The Marantaceae are a family, the arrowroot family, of flowering plants consisting of 31 genera and around 530 species, defining it as one of the most species-rich families in its order.Kennedy, H. (2000). “Diversification in pollination mechan ...

R.Br., nom. cons. **

Costaceae Costaceae, known as the ''Costus'' family or spiral gingers, is a family of pantropical monocots. It belongs to the order Zingiberales, which contains horticulturally and economically important plants such as the banana (Musaceae), bird-of-p ...

Nakai **

Zingiberaceae Zingiberaceae () or the ginger family is a family of flowering plants made up of about 50 genera with a total of about 1600 known species of aromatic perennial herbs with creeping horizontal or tuberous rhizomes distributed throughout tropical Af ...

Martinov, nom. cons. *

Poales The Poales are a large order of flowering plants in the monocotyledons, and includes families of plants such as the grasses, bromeliads, and sedges. Sixteen plant families are currently recognized by botanists to be part of Poales. Descriptio ...

Small **

Typhaceae The Typhaceae () are a family of flowering plants, sometimes called the cattail family. The botanical name for the family has been recognized by most taxonomists. Description Members can be recognized as large marsh herbs with alternate two-rank ...

Juss., nom. cons. ** Bromeliaceae Juss., nom. cons. **

Rapateaceae The Rapateaceae are a family of flowering plants. The botanical name has been recognized by most taxonomists. The APG II system of 2003 also recognizes this family, and assigns it to the order Poales in the clade commelinids, in the monocots. T ...

Dumort., nom. cons. **

Xyridaceae The Xyridaceae are a family of flowering plants. This family has been recognized by many taxonomists and is known as the yellow-eyed grass family. The APG II system, of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system of 1998), also recognizes this family, ...

C.Agardh, nom. cons. **

Eriocaulaceae The Eriocaulaceae are a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants in the order Poales, commonly known as the pipewort family. The family is large, with about 1207 known species described in seven genera. They are widely distributed, with the ce ...

Martinov, nom. cons. **

Mayacaceae ''Mayaca'' is a genus of flowering plants, often placed in its own family, the Mayacaceae (or Mayaceae in earlier systems). In the APG II system of 2003, it is assigned to the order Poales in the clade commelinids. The Cronquist system, of 1981, ...

Kunth, nom. cons. **

Thurniaceae The Thurniaceae are a family of flowering plants composed of two genera with four species. The botanical name has been recognized by most taxonomists. The APG II system, of 2003, also recognizes such a family, and assigns it to the order Poales ...

Engl., nom. cons. **

Juncaceae Juncaceae is a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the rush family. It consists of 8 genera and about 464 known species of slow-growing, rhizomatous, herbaceous monocotyledonous plants that may superficially resemble grasses and s ...

Juss., nom. cons. ** Cyperaceae Juss., nom. cons. **

Restionaceae The Restionaceae, also called restiads and restios, are a family of flowering plants native to the Southern Hemisphere; they vary from a few centimeters to 3 meters in height. Following the APG IV (2016): the family now includes the former famil ...

R.Br., nom. cons. * (including Anarthriaceae D.W.Cutler & Airy Shaw, Centrolepidaceae Endl., nom. cons.) **

Flagellariaceae ''Flagellaria'' is the sole genus in the flowering plant family Flagellariaceae with only five species.Wepfer, P. H., & Linder, H. P. (2014). The taxonomy of Flagellaria (Flagellariaceae). Australian Systematic Botany, 27(3), 159-179. https://dx. ...

Dumort., nom. cons. **

Joinvilleaceae The Joinvilleaceae are a family of flowering plants with a single genus including four species. The APG II system, of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system, 1998) assigns it to the order Poales in the clade commelinids in the monocots. The family ...

Toml. & A.C.Sm. **

Ecdeiocoleaceae The Ecdeiocoleaceae comprise a family of flowering plants with two genera and three species. The botanical name has rarely been recognized by taxonomists. The APG II system, in 2003 (unchanged from the APG system, 1998), does recognize such a f ...

D.W.Cutler & Airy Shaw ** Poaceae Barnhart, nom. cons. (= Gramineae Juss., nom. cons.)

Probable sister of eudicots

Ceratophyllales Ceratophyllaceae is a cosmopolitan family of flowering plants including one living genus commonly found in ponds, marshes, and quiet streams in tropical and in temperate regions. It is the only extant family in the order Ceratophyllales. Species ...

Link **

Ceratophyllaceae Ceratophyllaceae is a cosmopolitan family of flowering plants including one living genus commonly found in ponds, marshes, and quiet streams in tropical and in temperate regions. It is the only extant family in the order Ceratophyllales. Species ...

Gray, nom. cons.

Eudicots The eudicots, Eudicotidae, or eudicotyledons are a clade of flowering plants mainly characterized by having two seed leaves upon germination. The term derives from Dicotyledons. Traditionally they were called tricolpates or non-magnoliid dicots ...

Ranunculales Ranunculales is an order of flowering plants. Of necessity it contains the family Ranunculaceae, the buttercup family, because the name of the order is based on the name of a genus in that family. Ranunculales belongs to a paraphyletic group kno ...

Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl **

Eupteleaceae ''Euptelea'' is a genus of two species of flowering plants in the monogeneric family Eupteleaceae. The genus is found from Assam east through China to Japan, and consists of shrubs or small trees: *'' Euptelea pleiosperma'' *'' Euptelea polyandr ...

K.Wilh., nom. cons. **

Papaveraceae The Papaveraceae are an economically important family of about 42 genera and approximately 775 known species of flowering plants in the order Ranunculales, informally known as the poppy family. The family is cosmopolitan, occurring in temperat ...

Juss., nom. cons. **

Circaeasteraceae Circaeasteraceae is a family of two species of herbaceous plants native to China and the Himalayas. The family has been recognized by many taxonomists. The APG II system (2003; unchanged from the APG system of 1998), recognizes it and places it ...

Hutch., nom. cons. **

Lardizabalaceae Lardizabalaceae is a family of flowering plants. The family has been universally recognized by taxonomists, including the APG II system (2003; unchanged from the APG system of 1998), which places it in the order Ranunculales, in the clade eudic ...

R.Br., nom. cons. **

Menispermaceae Menispermaceae (botanical Latin: 'moonseed family' from Greek ''mene'' 'crescent moon' and ''sperma'' 'seed') is a family of flowering plants. The alkaloid tubocurarine, a neuromuscular blocker and the active ingredient in the 'tube curare' form ...

Juss., nom. cons. **

Berberidaceae The Berberidaceae are a family of 18 genera of flowering plants commonly called the barberry family. This family is in the order Ranunculales. The family contains about 700 known species, of which the majority are in ''Berberis''. The species ...

Juss., nom. cons. **

Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae (buttercup or crowfoot family; Latin "little frog", from "frog") is a family of over 2,000 known species of flowering plants in 43 genera, distributed worldwide. The largest genera are ''Ranunculus'' (600 species), ''Delphinium' ...

Juss., nom. cons. * Proteales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl **

Sabiaceae Sabiaceae is a family of flowering plants that were placed in the order Proteales according to the APG IV system. It comprises three genera, '' Meliosma'', '' Ophiocaryon'' and '' Sabia'', with 66 known species, native to tropical to warm temper ...

Blume, nom. cons. **

Nelumbonaceae Nelumbonaceae is a family of aquatic flowering plants. ''Nelumbo'' is the sole extant genus, containing ''Nelumbo lutea'', native to North America, and ''Nelumbo nucifera'', widespread in Asia. At least four other genera, ''Nelumbites'', ''Exne ...

A.Rich., nom. cons. **

Platanaceae Platanaceae, the "plane-tree family", is a family of flowering plants in the order Proteales. The family consists of only a single extant genus ''Platanus'', with eight known species. The plants are tall trees, native to temperate and subtropic ...

T.Lestib., nom. cons. ** Proteaceae Juss., nom. cons. *

Trochodendrales Trochodendraceae is the only family of flowering plants in the order Trochodendrales. It comprises two extant genera, each with a single species along with up to five additional extinct genera and a number of extinct species. The living speci ...

Takht. ex Cronq. **

Trochodendraceae Trochodendraceae is the only family of flowering plants in the order Trochodendrales. It comprises two extant genera, each with a single species along with up to five additional extinct genera and a number of extinct species. The living speci ...

Eichler, nom. cons. *

Buxales The Buxales are a small order of eudicot flowering plants, recognized by the APG IV system of 2016. The order includes the family Buxaceae; the families Didymelaceae and Haptanthaceae may also be recognized or may be included in the Buxaceae. ...

Takht. ex Reveal **

Buxaceae The Buxaceae are a small family of six genera and about 123 known species of flowering plants. They are shrubs and small trees, with a cosmopolitan distribution. A seventh genus, sometimes accepted in the past (''Notobuxus''), has been shown ...

Dumort., nom. cons. * (including Haptanthaceae C.Nelson)

Core eudicots The eudicots, Eudicotidae, or eudicotyledons are a clade of flowering plants mainly characterized by having two seed leaves upon germination. The term derives from Dicotyledons. Traditionally they were called tricolpates or non-magnoliid dicots ...

Gunnerales The Gunnerales are an order of flowering plants. In the APG III system (2009) and APG IV system (2016) it contains two genera: '' Gunnera'' (in family Gunneraceae) and ''Myrothamnus'' (in family Myrothamnaceae). In the Cronquist system (1981), ...

Takht. ex Reveal **

Myrothamnaceae ''Myrothamnus'' is a genus of flowering plants, consisting of two species of small xerophytic shrubs, in the southern parts of tropical Africa and in Madagascar. ''Myrothamnus'' is recognized as the only genus in the family Myrothamnaceae. Myr ...

Nied., nom. cons. ** Gunneraceae

Meisn. Carl Daniel Friedrich Meissner (1 November 1800 – 2 May 1874) was a Swiss botanist. Biography Born in Bern, Switzerland on 1 November 1800, he was christened Meisner but later changed the spelling of his name to Meissner. For most of his 40 ...

, nom. cons. *

DC. ex Bercht. & J.Presl † **

Dilleniaceae Dilleniaceae is a family of flowering plants with 11 genera and about 430 known species. Such a family has been universally recognized by taxonomists. It is known to gardeners for the genus ''Hibbertia'', which contains many commercially valuabl ...

Salisb., nom. cons.

Superrosids The superrosids are members of a large clade (monophyletic group) of flowering plants, containing more than 88,000 species, and thus more than a quarter of all angiosperms. The clade is divided into 18 orders as defined in APG IV system. These o ...

Saxifragales The Saxifragales (saxifrages) are an order of flowering plants (Angiosperms). They are an extremely diverse group of plants which include trees, shrubs, perennial herbs, succulent and aquatic plants. The degree of diversity in terms of vegeta ...

Bercht. & J.Presl **

Peridiscaceae Peridiscaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Saxifragales.Peter F. Stevens. 2001 onwards. "Peridiscaceae". At: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website At: Missouri Botanical Garden Website. (see ''External links'' below). Four genera comprise ...

Kuhlm., nom. cons. **

Paeoniaceae The peony or paeony is a flowering plant in the genus ''Paeonia'' , the only genus in the family Paeoniaceae . Peonies are native to Asia, Europe and Western North America. Scientists differ on the number of species that can be distinguished, ...

Raf., nom. cons. ** Altingiaceae Lindl., nom. cons. **

Hamamelidaceae Hamamelidaceae, commonly referred to as the witch-hazel family, is a family of flowering plants in the order Saxifragales. The clade consists of shrubs and small trees positioned within the woody clade of the core Saxifragales. An earlier syste ...

R.Br., nom. cons. ** Cercidiphyllaceae Engl., nom. cons. **

Daphniphyllaceae ''Daphniphyllum'' is the sole genus in the flowering plant family Daphniphyllaceae and was described as a genus in 1826. The genus includes evergreen shrubs and trees mainly native to east and southeast Asia, but also found in the Indian Subconti ...

Müll.Arg., nom. cons. **

Iteaceae Iteaceae is a flowering plant family of trees and shrubs native to the eastern USA, southeastern Africa, and south and Southeastern Asia. Some older taxonomic systems place the genus ''Itea'' in the family Grossulariaceae. The APG III system o ...

J.Agardh, nom. cons. **

Grossulariaceae ''Ribes'' is a genus of about 200 known species of flowering plants, most of them native to the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The various species are known as currants or gooseberries, and some are cultivated for their edible ...

DC., nom. cons. **

Saxifragaceae Saxifragaceae is a family of herbaceous perennial flowering plants, within the core eudicot order Saxifragales. The taxonomy of the family has been greatly revised and the scope much reduced in the era of molecular phylogenetic analysis. The fa ...

Juss., nom. cons. **

Crassulaceae The Crassulaceae (from Latin ''crassus'', thick), also known as the stonecrop family or the orpine family, are a diverse family of dicotyledon flowering plants characterized by succulent leaves and a unique form of photosynthesis, known as Crass ...

J.St.-Hil., nom. cons. **

Aphanopetalaceae ''Aphanopetalum'' is a genus of twining shrubs or vines in the family Aphanopetalaceae which are endemic to Australia. The genus is placed alone in family Aphanopetalaceae, which is in turn now placed in order Saxifragales. Until recently this ...

Doweld **

Tetracarpaeaceae ''Tetracarpaea'' is the only genus in the flowering plant family Tetracarpaeaceae.Richard K. Brummitt. 2007. "Tetracarpaeaceae" pages 316-317. In: Vernon H. Heywood, Richard K. Brummitt, Ole Seberg, and Alastair Culham. ''Flowering Plant Families ...

Nakai **

Penthoraceae ''Penthorum'' is a genus of plants in the order Saxifragales. They are erect herbaceous perennials about half a meter tall. The genus consists of two species, one from east Asia and one from eastern North America. It is variously classified i ...

Rydb. ex Britton, nom. cons. **

Haloragaceae Haloragaceae (the watermilfoil family) is a eudicot flowering plant family in the order Saxifragales, based on the phylogenetic APG system. In the Cronquist system, it was included in the order Haloragales. Description The Haloragaceae are ...

R.Br., nom. cons. **

Cynomoriaceae ''Cynomorium'' is a genus of parasitic perennial flowering plants in the family Cynomoriaceae. The genus consists of only one species, ''Cynomorium coccineum'' (although one of its subspecies is sometimes treated as a separate species). Its plac ...

Endl. ex Lindl., nom. cons.

Rosids The rosids are members of a large clade (monophyletic group) of flowering plants, containing about 70,000 species, more than a quarter of all angiosperms. The clade is divided into 16 to 20 orders, depending upon circumscription and classificati ...

Vitales The Vitaceae are a family of flowering plants, with 14 genera and around 910 known species, including common plants such as grapevines (''Vitis'' spp.) and Virginia creeper (''Parthenocissus quinquefolia''). The family name is derived from the ...

Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl **

Vitaceae The Vitaceae are a family of flowering plants, with 14 genera and around 910 known species, including common plants such as grapevines (''Vitis'' spp.) and Virginia creeper (''Parthenocissus quinquefolia''). The family name is derived from the ge ...

Juss., nom. cons. *

Zygophyllales The Zygophyllales are an order of dicotyledonous plants, comprising the following two families: * Family Zygophyllaceae * Family Krameriaceae According to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG II) both families are unplaced to order, but nevert ...

Link **

Krameriaceae ''Krameria'' is the only genus in the Krameriaceae family, of which any of the approximately 18 species are commonly known as rhatany, ratany or rattany. Rhatany is also the name given to krameria root, a botanical remedy consisting of the dried ...

Dumort., nom. cons. **

Zygophyllaceae Zygophyllaceae is a family of flowering plants that contains the bean-caper and caltrop. The family includes around 285 species in 22 genera. Plants in the family Zygophyllaceae may be trees, shrubs, or herbs. They are often found in dry habit ...

R.Br., nom. cons. *

Fabales The Fabales are an order of flowering plants included in the rosid group of the eudicots in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II classification system. In the APG II circumscription, this order includes the families Fabaceae or legumes (including ...

Bromhead ** Quillajaceae D.Don ** Fabaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (= Leguminosae Juss., nom. cons.) **

Surianaceae The Surianaceae are a family of plants in the order Fabales with five genera and eight known species. It has an unusual distribution: the genus '' Recchia'' is native to Mexico, and the sole member of ''Suriana'', '' S. maritima'', is a coa ...

Arn., nom. cons. **

Polygalaceae The Polygalaceae or the milkwort family are made up of flowering plants in the order Fabales. They have a near-cosmopolitan range, with about 27 genera and ''ca''. 900 known species of herbs, shrubs and trees. Over half of the species are in one ...

Hoffmanns. & Link, nom. cons. *

Rosales Rosales () is an order of flowering plants. Peter F. Stevens (2001 onwards). "Rosales". At: Trees At: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. At: Missouri Botanical Garden Website. (see ''External links'' below) It is sister to a clade consisting of Faga ...

Bercht. & J.Presl ** Rosaceae Juss., nom. cons. ** Barbeyaceae Rendle, nom. cons. **

Dirachmaceae ''Dirachma'' is the sole genus of the family Dirachmaceae. The genus had been monotypic, its sole species being the woody plant ''Dirachma socotrana'', until a second, herbaceous, species, ''Dirachma somalensis'', was discovered in Somalia ...

Hutch. **

Elaeagnaceae The Elaeagnaceae are a plant family, the oleaster family, of the order Rosales comprising small trees and shrubs, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, south into tropical Asia and Australia. The family has about 60 species ...

Juss., nom. cons. ** Rhamnaceae Juss., nom. cons. **

Ulmaceae The Ulmaceae () are a family of flowering plants that includes the elms (genus ''Ulmus''), and the zelkovas (genus ''Zelkova''). Members of the family are widely distributed throughout the north temperate zone, and have a scattered distribution ...

Mirb., nom. cons. **

Cannabaceae Cannabaceae is a small family of flowering plants, known as the hemp family. As now circumscribed, the family includes about 170 species grouped in about 11 genera, including ''Cannabis'' (hemp), '' Humulus'' (hops) and '' Celtis'' (hackberries ...

Martinov, nom. cons. **

Moraceae The Moraceae — often called the mulberry family or fig family — are a family of flowering plants comprising about 38 genera and over 1100 species. Most are widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, less so in temperate climates; however ...

Gaudich., nom. cons. **

Urticaceae The Urticaceae are a family, the nettle family, of flowering plants. The family name comes from the genus ''Urtica''. The Urticaceae include a number of well-known and useful plants, including nettles in the genus ''Urtica'', ramie (''Boehmeri ...

Juss., nom. cons. *

Fagales The Fagales are an order of flowering plants, including some of the best-known trees. The order name is derived from genus ''Fagus'', beeches. They belong among the rosid group of dicotyledons. The families and genera currently included are as ...

Engl. **

Nothofagaceae ''Nothofagus'', also known as the southern beeches, is a genus of 43 species of trees and shrubs native to the Southern Hemisphere in southern South America (Chile, Argentina) and Australasia (east and southeast Australia, New Zealand, New Gui ...

Kuprian. ** Fagaceae Dumort., nom. cons. **

Myricaceae The Myricaceae are a small family of dicotyledonous shrubs and small trees in the order Fagales. There are three genera in the family, although some botanists separate many species from ''Myrica'' into a fourth genus ''Morella''. About 55 speci ...

Rich. ex Kunth, nom. cons. **

Juglandaceae The Juglandaceae are a plant family known as the walnut family. They are trees, or sometimes shrubs, in the order Fagales. Members of this family are native to the Americas, Eurasia, and Southeast Asia. The nine or ten genera in the family have ...

DC. ex Perleb, nom. cons. **

Casuarinaceae The Casuarinaceae are a family of dicotyledonous flowering plants placed in the order Fagales, consisting of four genera and 91 species of trees and shrubs native to eastern Africa, Australia, Southeast Asia, Malesia, Papuasia, and the Pacifi ...

R.Br., nom. cons. **

Ticodendraceae ''Ticodendron incognitum'' is the only species of ''Ticodendron'', and the only member of the family Ticodendraceae. It is most closely related to the family Betulaceae. It was discovered only in 1989 in Costa Rica, having been overlooked previ ...

Gomez-Laur. & L.D.Gomez **

Betulaceae Betulaceae, the birch family, includes six genera of deciduous nut-bearing trees and shrubs, including the birches, alders, hazels, hornbeams, hazel-hornbeam, and hop-hornbeams numbering a total of 167 species. They are mostly natives of the ...

Gray, nom. cons. *

Cucurbitales The Cucurbitales are an order of flowering plants, included in the rosid group of dicotyledons. This order mostly belongs to tropical areas, with limited presence in subtropical and temperate regions. The order includes shrubs and trees, togethe ...

Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl ** Apodanthaceae Tiegh. ex Takht. * **

Anisophylleaceae The Anisophylleaceae are a small family with four genera and about 70 species, in the order Cucurbitales, according to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, APG II. However, it is more isolated from the other suprafamilial clades in this order, while i ...

Ridl. ** Corynocarpaceae Engl., nom. cons. **

Coriariaceae ''Coriaria'' is the sole genus in the family Coriariaceae, which was described by Linnaeus in 1753. It includes 14 species of small trees, shrubs and subshrubs, with a widespread but disjunct distribution across warm temperate regions of the wor ...

DC., nom. cons. **

Cucurbitaceae The Cucurbitaceae, also called cucurbits or the gourd family, are a plant family consisting of about 965 species in around 95 genera, of which the most important to humans are: *''Cucurbita'' – squash, pumpkin, zucchini, some gourds *'' Lagen ...

Juss., nom. cons. **

Tetramelaceae The Tetramelaceae are a family of plants formerly classed in the Datiscaceae family . It contains two genera, '' Octomeles'' and ''Tetrameles ''Tetrameles'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Tetramelaceae with one species, ''Tetram ...

Airy Shaw **

Datiscaceae The Datiscaceae are a family of dicotyledonous plants, containing two species of the genus ''Datisca''. Two other genera, '' Octomeles'' and '' Tetrameles'', are now classified in the family Tetramelaceae. Datiscaceae are large herbaceous plant ...

Dumort., nom. cons. **

Begoniaceae Begoniaceae is a family of flowering plants with two genera and about 2040 species occurring in the subtropics and tropics of both the New World and Old World. All but one of the species are in the genus ''Begonia''. There have been many recent d ...

C.Agardh, nom. cons.

COM clade; placement uncertain

Celastrales The Celastrales are an order of flowering plants found throughout the tropics and subtropics, with only a few species extending far into the temperate regions. The 1200"Lepidobotryaceae", "Parnassiaceae", and "Celastraceae" In: Klaus Kubitzki ( ...

Link **

Lepidobotryaceae Lepidobotryaceae is a family of plants in the order Celastrales."Lepidobotryaceae" In: Peter F. Stevens (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. In: Missouri Botanical Garden Website. (see External links below). It contains only two species: ...

J. Leonard, nom. cons. **

Celastraceae The Celastraceae (staff-vine or bittersweet) are a family of 97 genera and 1,350 species of herbs, vines, shrubs and small trees, belonging to the order Celastrales. The great majority of the genera are tropical, with only ''Celastrus'' (the sta ...

R.Br., nom. cons. *

Oxalidales Oxalidales is an order of flowering plants, included within the rosid subgroup of eudicots. Compound leaves are common in Oxalidales and the majority of the species in this order have five or six sepals and petals. The following families are typic ...

Bercht. & J.Presl **

Huaceae Huaceae is a family of plant in the rosids group, which has been classed in the orders Malpighiales, Malvales, and Violales or in its own order Huales. The APG II system placed it in the clade eurosids I, whereas the APG III system of 2009 and ...

A.Chev. **

Connaraceae Connaraceae is a pan-tropical plant family of 19 genera and more than 180 species of largely evergreen trees, woody shrubs and climbers. The family was first described by Robert Brown in 1816 and the name has been conserved. Distribution Connar ...

R.Br., nom. cons. **

Oxalidaceae The Oxalidaceae, or wood sorrel family, are a small family of five genera of herbaceous plants, shrubs and small trees, with the great majority of the 570 species in the genus ''Oxalis'' (wood sorrels). Members of this family typically have divid ...

R.Br., nom. cons. **

Cunoniaceae Cunoniaceae is a family of 27 genera and about 335 species of woody plants in the order Oxalidales, mostly found in the tropical and wet temperate regions of the Southern Hemisphere. The greatest diversity of genera are in Australia and Tasmania ...

R.Br., nom. cons. **

Elaeocarpaceae Elaeaocarpaceae is a family of flowering plants. The family contains approximately 615 species of trees and shrubs in 12 genera."Elaeocarpaceae" In: Klaus Kubitzki (ed.). ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'' vol. VI. Springer-Verlag: Be ...

Juss., nom. cons. **

Cephalotaceae ''Cephalotus'' ( or ; Greek: ''κεφαλή'' "head", and ''οὔς''/''ὠτός'' "ear", to describe the head of the anthers) is a genus which contains one species, ''Cephalotus follicularis'' the Albany pitcher plant, a small carnivorous pi ...

Dumort., nom. cons. **

Brunelliaceae ''Brunellia'' is a genus of trees. They are distributed in the mountainous regions of southern Mexico, Central America, West Indies, and South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the S ...

Engl., nom. cons. *

Malpighiales The Malpighiales comprise one of the largest orders of flowering plants, containing about 36 families and more than species, about 7.8% of the eudicots. The order is very diverse, containing plants as different as the willow, violet, poinsett ...

Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl **

Pandaceae The family Pandaceae consists of three genera that were formerly recognized in the Euphorbiaceae. Those are: *''Galearia'' (from tribe Galearieae, subfamily Acalyphoideae, family Euphorbiaceae) *''Microdesmis'' (from tribe Galearieae, subfamily ...

Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons. **

Irvingiaceae Irvingiaceae is a family of flowering plants, consisting of 13 species in the 3 genera ''Allantospermum'', ''Irvingia'' and ''Klainedoxa''. '' Desbordesia'', formerly accepted is now included in ''Irvingia''. The family is named for the Scottish ...

Exell & Mendonça, nom. cons. * (including Allantospermum Forman) ** Ctenolophonaceae Exell & Mendonça **

Rhizophoraceae The Rhizophoraceae is a family of tropical or subtropical flowering plants. It includes around 147 species distributed in 15 genera.Setoguchi, H., Kosuge, K., & Tobe, H. (1999). Molecular Phylogeny of Rhizophoraceae Based on rbcL Gene Sequences. ...

Pers., nom. cons. **

Erythroxylaceae Erythroxylaceae (the coca family) is a family of flowering trees and shrubs consisting of 4 genera and 271 species. The four genera are ''Aneulophus'' Benth., ''Erythroxylum'' P.Browne, ''Nectaropetalum'' Engl., and ''Pinacopodium'' Exell & Mend ...

Kunth, nom. cons. **

Ochnaceae Ochnaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Malpighiales.Vernon H. Heywood, Richard K. Brummitt, Ole Seberg, and Alastair Culham. ''Flowering Plant Families of the World''. Firefly Books: Ontario, Canada. (2007). . In the APG III syst ...

DC., nom. cons. ** Bonnetiaceae L.Beauvis. ex Nakai **

Clusiaceae The Clusiaceae or Guttiferae Juss. (1789) (''nom. alt. et cons.'' = alternative and valid name) are a family (biology), family of plants including 13 genera and ca 750 species. Several former members of Clusiacae are now placed in Calophyllaceae ...

Lindl., nom. cons. (= Guttiferae Juss., nom. cons.) **

Calophyllaceae Calophyllaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Malpighiales and is recognized by the APG III system of classification. Most of the 14 genera and 475 species included in this family were previously recognized in the tribe Caloph ...

J.Agardh **

Podostemaceae Podostemaceae (riverweed family), a family in the order Malpighiales, comprise about 50 genera and species of more or less thalloid aquatic herbs. Distribution and habitat They are found mostly in tropical and subtropical areas worldwide. Ma ...

Rich. ex Kunth, nom. cons. **

Hypericaceae Hypericaceae is a plant family in the order Malpighiales, comprising six to nine genera and up to 700 species, and commonly known as the St. John's wort family. Members are found throughout the world apart from extremely cold or dry habitats. '' ...

Juss., nom. cons. **

Caryocaraceae Caryocaraceae ( syn. Rhizobolaceae DC.) is a small family of flowering plants consisting of two genera with 26 species. The family is native to tropical regions of Central and South America, as well as the West Indies The West Indies is ...

Voigt, nom. cons. ** Lophopyxidaceae H.Pfeiff. **

Putranjivaceae Putranjivaceae is a rosid family that is composed of 218 species in 2 genera of evergreen tropical trees that are found mainly in the Old World tropics, but with a few species in tropical America. Members of this family have 2-ranked coriace ...

Meisn. **

Centroplacaceae Centroplacaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Malpighiales and is recognized by the APG III system of classification. The family comprises two genera: ''Bhesa'', which was formerly recognized in the Celastraceae, and ''Centroplacus ...

Doweld & Reveal ** Elatinaceae Dumort., nom. cons. ** Malpighiaceae Juss., nom. cons. **

Balanopaceae ''Balanops'' is a group of flowering plants described as a genus in 1871. The nine species are trees or shrubs, found in New Caledonia, Fiji, Vanuatu, and northern Queensland. They are dioecious, with separate male and female plants. The genus ...

Benth. & Hook.f., nom. cons. ** Trigoniaceae A.Juss., nom. cons. **

Dichapetalaceae Dichapetalaceae is a family of flowering plants, consisting of 3 genera and about 170 species.Stephens, P.F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 9, June 2008. http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/ Members of this family are ...

Baill., nom. cons. ** Euphroniaceae Marc.-Berti **

Chrysobalanaceae Chrysobalanaceae is a family of flowering plants, consisting of trees and shrubs in 27 genera and about 700 species of pantropical distribution with a centre of diversity in the Amazon. Some of the species contain silica in their bodies for ri ...

R.Br., nom. cons. **

Humiriaceae Humiriaceae (or, alternatively Houmiriaceae Juss.) is a family of evergreen flowering plants. It comprises 8 genera and 56 known species. The family is exclusively Neotropical, except one species found in tropical West Africa West Africa o ...

A.Juss., nom. cons. **

Achariaceae Achariaceae is a family of flowering plants consisting of 32-33 genera with about 155 species of tropical herbs, shrubs, and trees. The APG IV system has greatly expanded the scope of the family by including many genera previously classified ...

Harms, nom. cons. **

Violaceae Violaceae is a family of flowering plants established in 1802, consisting of about 1000 species in about 25 genera. It takes its name from the genus ''Viola'', the violets and pansies. Older classifications such as the Cronquist system placed t ...

Batsch, nom. cons. ** Goupiaceae Miers **

Passifloraceae The Passifloraceae are a family of flowering plants, containing about 750 species classified in around 27 genera. They include trees, shrubs, lianas, and climbing plants, and are mostly found in tropical regions. The family takes its name from ...

Juss. ex Roussel, nom. cons. ** Lacistemataceae Mart., nom. cons. **

Salicaceae The Salicaceae is the willow family of flowering plants. The traditional family (Salicaceae ''sensu stricto'') included the willows, poplar, aspen, and cottonwoods. Genetic studies summarized by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) have greatly ...

Mirb., nom. cons. **

Peraceae Peraceae Klotzsch is a family of flowering plants in the eudicot order Malpighiales. The family was segregated from the Euphorbiaceae by Johann Friedrich Klotzsch in 1859, and its uniqueness was affirmed by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew's Eupho ...

Klotzsch * **

Rafflesiaceae The Rafflesiaceae are a family of rare parasitic plants comprising 36 species in 3 genera found in the tropical forests of east and southeast Asia, including ''Rafflesia arnoldii'', which has the largest flowers of all plants. The plants are en ...

Dumort., nom. cons. **

Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae, the spurge family, is a large family of flowering plants. In English, they are also commonly called euphorbias, which is also the name of a genus in the family. Most spurges, such as '' Euphorbia paralias'', are herbs, but some, ...

Juss., nom. cons. * **

Linaceae Linaceae is a family of flowering plants. The family is cosmopolitan, and includes about 250 species in 14 genera, classified into two subfamilies: the Linoideae and Hugonioideae (often recognized as a distinct family, the Hugoniaceae). Leaves of ...

DC. ex Perleb, nom. cons. **

Ixonanthaceae Ixonanthaceae is a pantropical flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, ves ...

Planch. ex Miq., nom. cons. * **

Picrodendraceae Picrodendraceae is a family of flowering plants, consisting of 80 species in 24 genera.Stephens, P.F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 9, June 2008. http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/ These are subtropical to tropical ...

Small, nom. cons. **

Phyllanthaceae Phyllanthaceae is a family of flowering plants in the eudicot order Malpighiales. It is most closely related to the family Picrodendraceae.Kenneth J. Wurdack and Charles C. Davis. 2009. "Malpighiales phylogenetics: Gaining ground on one of the m ...

Martinov, nom. cons.

Rosids continued

Geraniales Geraniales is a small order of flowering plants, included within the rosid subclade of eudicots. The largest family in the order is Geraniaceae with over 800 species. In addition, the order includes the smaller Francoaceae with about 40 speci ...

Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl **

Geraniaceae Geraniaceae is a family of flowering plants placed in the order Geraniales. The family name is derived from the genus ''Geranium''. The family includes both the genus ''Geranium'' (the cranesbills, or true geraniums) and the garden plants called ...

Juss., nom. cons. **

Francoaceae The Francoaceae are a small family of flowering plants in the order Geraniales, including the genera ''Francoa'', commonly known as bridal wreaths, and ''Tetilla''. The Francoaceae are recognized as a family under various classification schemes bu ...

A.Juss., nom. cons. * (including Bersamaceae Doweld, Greyiaceae Hutch., nom. cons., Ledocarpaceae Meyen, Melianthaceae Horan., nom. cons., Rhynchothecaceae A.Juss., Vivianiaceae Klotzsch, nom. cons.) * Myrtales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl **

Combretaceae The Combretaceae, often called the white mangrove family, are a family of flowering plants in the order Myrtales. The family includes about 530 species of trees, shrubs, and lianas in ca 10 genera. The family includes the leadwood tree, ''Combret ...

R.Br., nom. cons. ** Lythraceae J.St.-Hil., nom. cons. **

Onagraceae The Onagraceae are a family of flowering plants known as the willowherb family or evening primrose family. They include about 650 species of herbs, shrubs, and treesVochysiaceae A.St.-Hil., nom. cons. ** Myrtaceae Juss., nom. cons. **

Melastomataceae Melastomataceae is a family of dicotyledonous flowering plants found mostly in the tropics (two-thirds of the genera are from the New World tropics) comprising c. 175 genera and c. 5115 known species. Melastomes are annual or perennial herbs, s ...

Juss., nom. cons. ** Crypteroniaceae A.DC., nom. cons. ** Alzateaceae S.A.Graham **

Penaeaceae The Penaeaceae are a family of evergreen, leathery-leaved shrubs and small trees, native to South Africa. The family has 29 species in 9 genera.Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards)Penaeaceae.

Sweet ex Guill., nom. cons. *

Crossosomatales The Crossosomatales are an order, first recognized as such by APG II. They are flowering plants included within the Rosid eudicots. Description Species assigned to the Crossosomatales have in common flowers that are positioned solitarily, with ...

Takht. ex Reveal **

Aphloiaceae ''Aphloia'' is a genus of flowering plants that contains a single species, ''Aphloia theiformis'', the sole species of the monogeneric family Aphloiaceae. It is a species of evergreen shrubs or small trees occurring in East Africa, Madagasca ...

Takht. **

Geissolomataceae ''Geissoloma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the monotypic family Geissolomataceae, native to the Cape Province of South Africa. The plants are xerophytic evergreen shrubs and are known to accumulate aluminum Aluminium (aluminum in A ...

A.DC., nom. cons. **

Strasburgeriaceae Strasburgeriaceae is a small family of flowering plants in the order Crossosomatales, only found in New Zealand and New Caledonia. It contains two genera, '' Strasburgeria'' and ''Ixerba''. Both genera have simple, evergreen, alternated leaves, o ...

Tiegh., nom. cons. **

Staphyleaceae Staphyleaceae is a small family of flowering plants in the order Crossosomatales, native to Europe, temperate and tropical Asia and the Americas. The largest genus ''Staphylea'', which gives the family its name, contains the "bladdernut" trees. ...

Martinov, nom. cons. ** Guamatelaceae S.H.Oh & D.Potter ** Stachyuraceae J.Agardh, nom. cons. **

Crossosomataceae Crossosomataceae is a small plant family, consisting of four genera of shrubs found only in the dry parts of the American southwest and Mexico. This family has included up to ten species in the past, although as of 2021 six species are still ...

Engl., nom. cons. *

Picramniales Picramniaceae is a small, mainly neotropical family of four genera '' Aenigmanu'', ''Alvaradoa'', '' Nothotalisia'' and '' Picramnia''. The family is the only member of the order Picramniales. Members of the family were formerly placed in the fam ...

Doweld **

Picramniaceae Picramniaceae is a small, mainly neotropical family of four genera '' Aenigmanu'', ''Alvaradoa'', '' Nothotalisia'' and '' Picramnia''. The family is the only member of the order Picramniales. Members of the family were formerly placed in the fa ...

Fernando & Quinn *

Huerteales Huerteales is the botanical name for an order of flowering plants.Peter F. Stevens (2001 onwards). "Huerteales". In: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. In: Missouri Botanical Garden Website. (see ''External links'' below) It is one of the 17 orders th ...

Doweld **

Gerrardinaceae ''Gerrardina'' is a genus of two species of trees, shrubs, and scrambling shrubs found in southeastern Africa. Until recently, the genus was placed in the polyphyletic family Flacourtiaceae, but it was abnormal there due to its apical placentatio ...

M.H.Alford ** Petenaeaceae Christenh. et al. * **

Tapisciaceae Tapisciaceae is a family of flowering plants. Until recently it had been abandoned by taxonomists, and it was not recognised in the APG II system of 2003. In the APG III system, however, it has been reinstated to encompass the two genera '' Tapis ...

Takht. **

Dipentodontaceae ''Dipentodontaceae'' is a family of flowering plants containing two genera. # ''Dipentodon'' Dunn - southern China, Assam, Myanmar # ''Perrottetia'' Kunth in F.W.H.von Humboldt - southern China, Southeast Asia, Papuasia, Queensland, Hawaii, Lati ...

Merr., nom. cons. *

Sapindales Sapindales is an order of flowering plants. Well-known members of Sapindales include citrus; maples, horse-chestnuts, lychees and rambutans; mangos and cashews; frankincense and myrrh; mahogany and neem. The APG III system of 2009 includes it i ...

Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl **

Biebersteiniaceae ''Biebersteinia'' is a genus containing five species, of herbs in the flowering plant order Sapindales. They occur from East Mediterranean to West Siberia and Central Asia. They are normally stemless and have tuberous rhizomes.Armen Takhtajan I ...

Schnizl. **

Nitrariaceae Nitrariaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Sapindales. It comprises four genera, '' Malacocarpus'', ''Nitraria'', ''Peganum'' and ''Tetradiclis'', totalling 19 species. The family's main range is in the arid and semi-arid regions ...

Lindl. **

Kirkiaceae Kirkiaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Sapindales. It comprises one (or two) genera, ''Kirkia'' (and '' Pleiokirkia'' now included in ''Kirkia''), totalling six species. These two genera were previously placed in family Simarouba ...

Takht. **

Burseraceae The Burseraceae are a moderate-sized family of 17-19 genera and about 540 species of flowering plants. The actual numbers differ according to the time period in which a given source is written describing this family. The Burseraceae are also kno ...

Kunth, nom. cons. **

Anacardiaceae The Anacardiaceae, commonly known as the cashew family or sumac family, are a family of flowering plants, including about 83 genera with about 860 known species. Members of the Anacardiaceae bear fruits that are drupes and in some cases produce ...

R.Br., nom. cons. ** Sapindaceae Juss., nom. cons. (including Xanthocerataceae Buerki et al., as 'Xanthoceraceae') **

Rutaceae The Rutaceae is a family, commonly known as the rueRUTACEAE
in BoDD – Botanical Der ...

Juss., nom. cons. **

Simaroubaceae The Simaroubaceae are a small, mostly tropical, family in the order Sapindales. In recent decades, it has been subject to much taxonomic debate, with several small families being split off. A molecular phylogeny of the family was published in 20 ...

DC., nom. cons. **

Meliaceae Meliaceae, the mahogany family, is a flowering plant family of mostly trees and shrubs (and a few herbaceous plants, mangroves) in the order Sapindales. They are characterised by alternate, usually pinnate leaves without stipules, and by syncar ...

Juss., nom. cons. *

Malvales The Malvales are an order of flowering plants. As circumscribed by APG II-system, the order includes about 6000 species within 9 families. The order is placed in the eurosids II, which are part of the eudicots. The plants are mostly shrubs and ...

Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl **

Cytinaceae Cytinaceae is a family of parasitic flowering plants. It comprises two genera, ''Cytinus'' and '' Bdallophytum'', totalling ten species. These two genera were formerly placed in the family Rafflesiaceae, order Malpighiales. When they were separa ...

A.Rich. **

Muntingiaceae The Muntingiaceae are a family of flowering plants, belonging to the rosid order Malvales. The family consists of three genera: ''Dicraspidia'', ''Muntingia'', and ''Neotessmannia'', each with a single species. They are woody plants of the tropic ...

C.Bayer et al. ** Neuradaceae Kostel., nom. cons. **

Malvaceae Malvaceae, or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include okra, cotton, cacao and durian. There are also some genera containing familiar ...

Juss., nom. cons. **

Sphaerosepalaceae The Sphaerosepalaceae are a family of flowering plants including 14 species of trees and shrubs in two genera, '' Dialyceras'' and '' Rhopalocarpus'', all of which are endemic to Madagascar Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially ...

Bullock **

Thymelaeaceae The Thymelaeaceae are a cosmopolitan family of flowering plants composed of 50 genera (listed below) and 898 species.Zachary S. Rogers (2009 onwards)A World Checklist of Thymelaeaceae (version 1) Missouri Botanical Garden Website, St. Louis. It ...

Juss., nom. cons. ** Bixaceae Kunth, nom. cons. **

Cistaceae The Cistaceae are a small family of plants (rock-rose or rock rose family) known for their beautiful shrubs, which are profusely covered by flowers at the time of blossom. This family consists of about 170(-200) species in nine genera that are ...

Juss., nom. cons. * (including ''Pakaraimaea'' Maguire & P.S.Ashton) **

Sarcolaenaceae The Sarcolaenaceae are a family of flowering plants endemic to Madagascar. The family includes 79 species of mostly evergreen trees and shrubs in ten genera. Recent DNA studies indicate that the Sarcolaenaceae are a sibling taxon to the family ...

Caruel, nom. cons. ** Dipterocarpaceae Blume, nom. cons. * *

Brassicales The Brassicales (or Cruciales) are an order of flowering plants, belonging to the eurosids II group of dicotyledons under the APG II system. One character common to many members of the order is the production of glucosinolate (mustard oil) compo ...

Bromhead **

Akaniaceae The Akaniaceae or turnipwood family are a family of flowering plants in the order Brassicales. It comprises two genera of trees, '' Akania'' and ''Bretschneidera'', each with a single species. These plants are native to China, Vietnam, Taiwan, an ...

Stapf, nom. cons. **

Tropaeolaceae ''Tropaeolum'' , commonly known as nasturtium (; literally "nose-twister" or "nose-tweaker"), is a genus of roughly 80 species of annual and perennial herbaceous flowering plants. It was named by Carl Linnaeus in his book ''Species Plantarum'' ...

Juss. ex DC., nom. cons. **

Moringaceae ''Moringa'' is the sole genus in the plant family Moringaceae. It contains 13 species from tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and Asia that range in size from tiny herbs to massive trees. ''Moringa'' species grow quickly in many types of ...

Martinov, nom. cons. ** Caricaceae Dumort., nom. cons. **

Limnanthaceae The Limnanthaceae are a small family of annual herbs occurring throughout temperate North America. There are eight species and nineteen taxa currently recognized. Members of this family are prominent in vernal pool communities of California. Some ...

R.Br., nom. cons. **

Setchellanthaceae ''Setchellanthus caeruleus'' is a species of pungent shrub with large blue flowers. It is placed alone in the genus ''Setchellanthus'', which is in turn, is placed alone in the family Setchellanthaceae. It is endemic to Mexico. The genus and the ...

Iltis ** Koeberliniaceae Engl., nom. cons. **

Bataceae ''Batis'' (turtleweed, saltwort, beachwort, or pickleweed) is a genus of two species of flowering plants, the only genus in the family Bataceae. They are halophytic (salt tolerant) plants, native to the coastal salt marshes of warm temperate and ...

Mart. ex Perleb, nom. cons. **

Salvadoraceae Salvadoraceae is a family in the plant order Brassicales,, p. 10 consisting of three genera with a total of 11 known species. They occur in Africa (including Madagascar), Southeast Asia, and on Java, suggesting they are probably found in much of ...

Lindl., nom. cons. **

Emblingiaceae ''Emblingia'' is a monospecific plant genus containing the species ''Emblingia calceoliflora'', a herbaceous prostrate subshrub endemic to Western Australia. It has no close relatives, and is now generally placed alone in family Emblingiaceae. D ...

Airy Shaw **

Tovariaceae ''Tovaria'' is a genus of herbs native to Jamaica and South America. There are two species, ''Tovaria pendula'' and ''Tovaria diffusa ''Tovaria'' is a genus of herb In general use, herbs are a widely distributed and widespread group of pla ...

Pax, nom. cons. **

Pentadiplandraceae ''Pentadiplandra brazzeana'' is an evergreen shrub or liana that is the only species assigned to the genus ''Pentadiplandra'', and has been placed in a family of its own called Pentadiplandraceae. It produces large red berries, sometimes mottled ...

Hutch. & Dalziel **

Gyrostemonaceae Gyrostemonaceae is a family of plants in the order Brassicales The Brassicales (or Cruciales) are an order of flowering plants, belonging to the eurosids II group of dicotyledons under the APG II system. One character common to many members ...

A.Juss., nom. cons. **

Resedaceae Resedaceae is a family of mostly herbaceous dicotyledonous plants comprising 107 known species in 8 to 12 genera: *''Borthwickia'' - 1 species, sometimes placed in its own family Borthwickiaceae *''Caylusea'' - 3 species *''Forchhammeria'' - 10 s ...

Martinov, nom. cons. * (including Borthwickiaceae J.X.Su et al., Stixidaceae Doweld as 'Stixaceae', ''Forchhammeria'' Liebm.) **

Capparaceae The Capparaceae (or Capparidaceae), commonly known as the caper family, are a family of plants in the order Brassicales. As currently circumscribed, the family contains 33 genera and about 700 species. The largest genera are ''Capparis'' (about ...

Juss., nom. cons. * **

Cleomaceae The Cleomaceae are a small family of flowering plants in the order Brassicales, comprising about 300 species in 10 genera, or about 150 species in 17 genera.Cleomaceae, Zhang Mingli (张明理)1; Gordon C. Tucker2, Harvard.edu/ref> These genera ...

Bercht. & J.Presl **

Brassicaceae Brassicaceae () or (the older) Cruciferae () is a medium-sized and economically important family of flowering plants commonly known as the mustards, the crucifers, or the cabbage family. Most are herbaceous plants, while some are shrubs. The leav ...

Burnett, nom. cons. (= Cruciferae Juss., nom. cons.)

Superasterids

Berberidopsidales Berberidopsidales is an order of Southern Hemisphere woody flowering plants. The name is newly accepted in the APG III system of plant taxonomy. APG II system, of 2003, mentions the possibility of recognizing the order, as comprising the familie ...

Doweld ** Aextoxicaceae Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons. ** Berberidopsidaceae Takht. *

Santalales The Santalales are an order of flowering plants with a cosmopolitan distribution, but heavily concentrated in tropical and subtropical regions. It derives its name from its type genus ''Santalum'' (sandalwood). Mistletoe is the common name for a ...

R.Br. ex Bercht. & J.Presl **

Olacaceae Olacaceae is a family (biology), family of flowering plants in the order Santalales. They are woody plants, native throughout the tropical regions of the world. , the Circumscription (taxonomy), circumscription of the family varies; some sources ...

R.Br., nom. cons. (not monophyletic; including Aptandraceae Miers, Coulaceae Tiegh., Erythropalaceae Planch. ex Miq., nom. cons., Octoknemaceae Soler. nom. cons., Strombosiaceae Tiegh., Ximeniaceae Horan.) **

Opiliaceae Opiliaceae is a family of flowering plants comprising 11 genera and 33 known species. It consists of tropical woody plants. Several genera contain parasitic species. The biggest genus, in number of species and in stature of the individual plant ...

Valeton, nom. cons. **

Balanophoraceae The Balanophoraceae are a subtropical to tropical family of obligate parasitic flowering plants, notable for their unusual development and formerly obscure affinities. In the broadest circumscription, the family consists of 16 genera. Alternati ...

Rich., nom. cons. **

Santalaceae The Santalaceae, sandalwoods, are a widely distributed family of flowering plants (including small trees, shrubs, perennial herbs, and epiphytic climbersHewson & George t al.br>''Santalaceae'' taxonomy, 1984, pp. 191-194.) which, like other mem ...

R.Br., nom. cons. (not monophyletic if Balanophoraceae are embedded; including Amphorogynaceae Nickrent & Der, Cervantesiaceae Nickrent & Der, Comandraceae Nickrent & Der, Nanodeaceae Nickrent & Der, Thesiaceae Vest, Viscaceae Batsch) **

Misodendraceae ''Misodendrum'' is a genus of hemiparasites which grow as mistletoes on various species of ''Nothofagus''. Its species are all restricted to South America. The name of the genus is incorrectly spelt in a number of ways, including ''Misodendron'' ...

J.Agardh, nom. cons. **

Schoepfiaceae Schoepfiaceae is a family of flowering plants recognized in the APG III system of 2009. The family was previously only recognized by few taxonomists; the plants in question usually being assigned to family Olacaceae and Santalaceae. The genus '' ...

Blume **

Loranthaceae Loranthaceae, commonly known as the showy mistletoes, is a family of flowering plants. It consists of about 75 genera and 1,000 species of woody plants, many of them hemiparasites. The three terrestrial species are '' Nuytsia floribunda'' (the ...

Juss., nom. cons. *

Caryophyllales Caryophyllales ( ) is a diverse and heterogeneous order of flowering plants that includes the cacti, carnations, amaranths, ice plants, beets, and many carnivorous plants. Many members are succulent, having fleshy stems or leaves. The betalai ...

Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl **

Frankeniaceae ''Frankenia'' (sea heath) is the only genus in the Frankeniaceae family of flowering plants. Other genera have been recognized within the family, such as ''Anthobryum'', ''Hypericopsis'' and ''Niederleinia'', but molecular phylogenetic studies ...

Desv., nom. cons. **

Tamaricaceae The Tamaricaceae, the tamarisk family, are a family of plants native to drier areas of Europe, Asia, and Africa. It contains four genera: '' Tamarix'' (with 73 species), ''Reaumuria'' (25 species), ''Myricaria'' (13 species), and '' Myrtama'' (a ...

Link, nom. cons. **

Plumbaginaceae Plumbaginaceae is a family of flowering plants, with a cosmopolitan distribution. The family is sometimes referred to as the leadwort family or the plumbago family. Most species in this family are perennial herbaceous plants, but a few grow ...

Juss., nom. cons. **

Polygonaceae The Polygonaceae are a family of flowering plants known informally as the knotweed family or smartweed—buckwheat family in the United States. The name is based on the genus '' Polygonum'', and was first used by Antoine Laurent de Jussieu in 1 ...

Juss., nom. cons. **

Droseraceae Droseraceae is a family of carnivorous flowering plants, also known as the sundew family. It consists of approximately 180 species in three extant genera. Representatives of the Droseraceae are found on all continents except Antarctica. Descr ...

Salisb., nom. cons. ** Nepenthaceae Dumort, nom. cons. ** Drosophyllaceae Chrtek et al. **

Dioncophyllaceae The Dioncophyllaceae are a family (biology), family of flowering plants consisting of three species of lianas native to the rainforests of western Africa. Their closest relatives are Ancistrocladaceae. Both families lie within a clade of mostly ...

Airy Shaw, nom. cons. **

Ancistrocladaceae ''Ancistrocladus'' is a genus of woody lianas in the monotypic family ''Ancistrocladaceae''. The branches climb by twining other stems or by scrambling with hooked tips. They are found in the tropics of the Old World. Classification The APG II ...

Planch. ex Walp., nom. cons. **

Rhabdodendraceae ''Rhabdodendron'' is a genus comprising two or three species of tropical South American trees. ''Rhabdodendron'' is placed in its own family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized bir ...

Prance **

Simmondsiaceae Simmondsiaceae or the jojoba family is a family of flowering plants. The family is not recognized by all taxonomic systems, the single species, ''Simmondsia chinensis'', often being treated as belonging to family Buxaceae. The APG II system, of ...

Tiegh. **

Physenaceae ''Physena'' is the sole genus of the flowering plant family Physenaceae. It contains two species of shrubs and small trees which are endemic to Madagascar. The APG II system, of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system, of 1998), does recognize this ...

Takht. **

Asteropeiaceae :''"Asteropeia" may also refer to a figure in Greek mythology, see Antinoe'' ''Asteropeia'' is a genus of flowering plants. The genus contains 8 known species of shrubs and small trees, all endemic to Madagascar. It is the sole genus in family ...

Takht. ex Reveal & Hoogland **

Macarthuriaceae Macarthuriaceae is a family of plants in the order Caryophyllales and consists of a single genus, '' Macarthuria''. Description Macarthuriaceae are rigid or wiry, rush-like herbs or subshrubs with green stems and reduced leaves. The small flower ...

Christenh. * **

Microteaceae ''Microtea'', the jumby peppers, are a genus of flowering plants in the family Microteaceae, native to the Caribbean islands, Central America, and South America. Species ''Microtea'' was originally placed in the Phytolaccaceae, but now have the ...

Schäferhoff & Borsch * **

Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae, commonly called the pink family or carnation family, is a family of flowering plants. It is included in the dicotyledon order Caryophyllales in the APG III system, alongside 33 other families, including Amaranthaceae, Cactacea ...

Juss., nom. cons. **

Achatocarpaceae The Achatocarpaceae are a family of woody flowering plants consisting of two genera and 11 known species, and has been recognized by most taxonomists. The family is found from the southwestern United States south to tropical and subtropical So ...

Heimerl, nom. cons. **

Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae is a family of flowering plants commonly known as the amaranth family, in reference to its type genus ''Amaranthus''. It includes the former goosefoot family Chenopodiaceae and contains about 165 genera and 2,040 species, making it ...

Juss., nom. cons. ** Stegnospermataceae Nakai **

Limeaceae ''Limeum'' is a genus of flowering plants. It includes 25 species. ''Limeum'' has traditionally been recognized as belonging to the Molluginaceae family, but is now treated as the sole genus in the family Limeaceae. The family is newly recognize ...

Shipunov ex Reveal * ** Lophiocarpaceae Doweld & Reveal **

Kewaceae ''Kewa'' is a genus of flowering plants, consisting of eight species of succulent sub-woody plants, native to eastern and southern Africa, including Saint Helena and Madagascar. These are small shrubs or herbs that form cushions and have edible, ...

Christenh. * **

Barbeuiaceae ''Barbeuia madagascariensis'' is a liana found only on the island of Madagascar. ''Barbeuia'' has occasionally been placed in its own family, Barbeuiaceae. The APG II system of 2003, for instance, recognizes such a family and assigns it to the ...

Nakai **

Gisekiaceae ''Gisekia'' is a genus of flowering plants. It is the only genus in the family Gisekiaceae. The family was recognized in the APG II system (2003) and assigned to the order Caryophyllales in the clade core eudicots. This represents a change from t ...

Nakai **

Aizoaceae The Aizoaceae, or fig-marigold family, is a large family of dicotyledonous flowering plants containing 135 genera and about 1800 species. They are commonly known as ice plants or carpet weeds. They are often called vygies in South Africa and Ne ...

Martinov, nom. cons. **

Phytolaccaceae Phytolaccaceae is a family of flowering plants. Though almost universally recognized by taxonomists, its circumscription has varied. It is also known as the Pokeweed family. The APG II system, of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system, of 1998), a ...

R.Br., nom. cons. * **

Petiveriaceae Petiveriaceae is a family of flowering plants formerly included as subfamily Rivinoideae in Phytolaccaceae. The family comprises nine genera, with about 20 known species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a ta ...

C.Agardh * (including Rivinaceae C.Agardh) **

Sarcobataceae ''Sarcobatus'' is a North American genus of two species of flowering plants, formerly considered to be a single species. Common names for ''S. vermiculatus'' include greasewood, seepwood, and saltbush. Traditionally, ''Sarcobatus'' has been ...

Behnke **

Nyctaginaceae Nyctaginaceae, the four o'clock family, is a family of around 33 genera and 290 species of flowering plants, widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, with a few representatives in temperate regions. The family has a unique fruit t ...

Juss., nom. cons. **

Molluginaceae The Molluginaceae are a family of flowering plants recognized by several taxonomists. It was previously included in the larger family Aizoaceae. The APG III system of 2009 made no change in the status of the family as compared to the APG II syst ...

Bartl., nom. cons. * **

Montiaceae Montiaceae are a family of flowering plants, comprising about 14 genera with about 230 known species, ranging from small herbaceous plants to shrubs. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution. The family Montiaceae was newly adopted in the APG ...

Raf. **

Didiereaceae Didiereaceae is a family of flowering plants found in continental Africa and Madagascar. It contains 20 species classified in three subfamilies and six genera. Species of the family are succulent plants, growing in sub-arid to arid habitats. Seve ...

Radlk., nom. cons. **

Basellaceae Basellaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Caryophyllales, in the clade core eudicots, according to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. The family comprises 19 known species of herbaceous plants in four genera: * '' Anredera'' – 12 s ...

Raf., nom. cons. **

Halophytaceae ''Halophytum ameghinoi'' is a species of herbaceous plant endemic to Patagonia. It is the only species in the genus ''Halophytum''. It is a succulent annual plant, with simple, fleshy, alternate leaves. The plants are monoecious, with solit ...

S.Soriano **

Talinaceae Talinaceae is a family of two genera and 28 species of flowering plants comprising shrubs, lianas, and herbaceous species native to the Americas, Africa and Madagascar. The family is newly recognized through research by the Angiosperm Phylogeny ...

Doweld **

Portulacaceae The Portulacaceae are a family of flowering plants, comprising 115 species in a single genus '' Portulaca''. Formerly some 20 genera with about 500 species, were placed there, but it is now restricted to encompass only one genus, the other genera ...

Juss., nom. cons. **

Anacampserotaceae The Anacampserotaceae are a family of plants proposed in the February 2010 issue of the journal ''Taxon''. The family was described by Urs Eggli and Reto Nyffeler in their analysis of the polyphyly in the suborder Portulacineae (order Caryophyl ...

Eggli & Nyffeler **

Cactaceae A cactus (, or less commonly, cactus) is a member of the plant family Cactaceae, a family comprising about 127 genera with some 1750 known species of the order Caryophyllales. The word ''cactus'' derives, through Latin, from the Ancient Gree ...

Juss., nom. cons.

Asterids In the APG IV system (2016) for the classification of flowering plants, the name asterids denotes a clade (a monophyletic group). Asterids is the largest group of flowering plants, with more than 80,000 species, about a third of the total flowe ...

Cornales The Cornales are an order of flowering plants, early diverging among the asterids, containing about 600 species. Plants within the Cornales usually have four-parted flowers, drupaceous fruits, and inferior to half-inferior gynoecia topped with ...

Link **

Nyssaceae Nyssaceae is a family of flowering trees sometimes included in the dogwood family (Cornaceae). Nyssaceae is composed of 37 known species in the following five genera:Averyanov, L. V. & Hiep, N. T. (2002). ''Diplopanax vietnamensis'', a New Specie ...

Juss. ex Dumort., nom. cons. **

Hydrostachyaceae ''Hydrostachys'' is a genus of about 22 species of flowering plants native to Madagascar and southern and central Africa. It is the only genus in the family Hydrostachyaceae. All species of ''Hydrostachys'' are aquatic, growing on rocks in fast-m ...

Engl., nom. cons. **

Hydrangeaceae Hydrangeaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Cornales, with a wide distribution in Asia and North America, and locally in southeastern Europe. Description The genera are characterised by leaves in opposite pairs (rarely whorled ...

Dumort., nom. cons. **

Loasaceae Loasaceae is a family of 15–20 genera and about 200–260 species of flowering plants in the order Cornales, native to the Americas and Africa. Members of the family include annual, biennial and perennial herbaceous plants, and a few shrubs ...

Juss., nom. cons. **

Curtisiaceae ''Curtisia dentata'' (commonly known as the Assegai tree or Cape lancewood, af, Assegaai, xh, Umgxina, zu, Umagunda) is a flowering tree from Southern Africa. It is the sole species in genus ''Curtisia'', which was originally classed as a typ ...

Takht. **

Grubbiaceae The Grubbiaceae are a family of flowering plants endemic to the Cape floristic region of South Africa. The family includes five species of leathery-leaved shrubs in two genera Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biologica ...

Endl. ex Meisn., nom. cons. **

Cornaceae The Cornaceae are a cosmopolitan family of flowering plants in the order Cornales. The family contains approximately 85 species in two genera, ''Alangium'' and ''Cornus''. They are mostly trees and shrubs, which may be deciduous or evergreen, alt ...

Bercht. & J.Presl, nom. cons. *

Ericales The Ericales are a large and diverse order of dicotyledons. Species in this order have considerable commercial importance including for tea, persimmon, blueberry, kiwifruit, Brazil nuts, argan, and azalea. The order includes trees, bushes, lia ...

Bercht. & J.Presl **

Balsaminaceae The Balsaminaceae (commonly known as the balsam family) are a family (biology), family of dicotyledonous plants, comprising two genus, genera: ''Impatiens'', which consists of over 1000 species, and ''Hydrocera'', consisting of 1 species. The flo ...

A.Rich., nom. cons. **

Marcgraviaceae The Marcgraviaceae are a neotropical angiosperm family in the order Ericales. The members of the family are shrubs, woody epiphytes, and lianas, with alternate, pinnately nerved leaves. The flowers are arranged in racemes. The flowers are accomp ...

Bercht. & J.Presl, nom. cons. **

Tetrameristaceae Tetrameristaceae is a family of flowering plants. The family consists of five species, of trees or shrubs, in three genera: * ''Pelliciera'' in Central and South America * ''Pentamerista'' in the Guyanas * ''Tetramerista'' in Southeast Asia The ...

Hutch. ** Fouquieriaceae DC., nom. cons. **

Polemoniaceae The Polemoniaceae (Jacob's-ladder or phlox family) are a family of flowering plants consisting of about 25 genera with 270–400 species of annuals and perennials native to the Northern Hemisphere and South America, with the center of diversit ...

Juss., nom. cons. **

Lecythidaceae The Lecythidaceae comprise a family of about 20 genera and 250–300 species of woody plants native to tropical South America, Africa (including Madagascar), Asia and Australia. The most important member of the family in world trade is the B ...

A.Rich., nom. cons. **

Sladeniaceae Sladeniaceae is a family of flowering plants containing tree species found in subtropical to tropical environments in East Africa ('' Ficalhoa''), Burma, Yunnan, and Thailand ('' Sladenia''). The family consists of trees with alternate, simple l ...

Airy Shaw **

Pentaphylacaceae The Pentaphylacaceae are a small family of plants within the order Ericales. In the APG III system of 2009, it includes the former family Ternstroemiaceae. Genera In 2014, the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website included 14 genera in the family: Plant ...

Engl., nom. cons. **

Sapotaceae 240px, '' Madhuca longifolia'' var. ''latifolia'' in Narsapur, Medak district, India The Sapotaceae are a family (biology), family of flowering plants belonging to the order (biology), order Ericales. The family includes about 800 species of ev ...

Juss., nom. cons. ** Ebenaceae Gürke, nom. cons. **

Primulaceae The Primulaceae , commonly known as the primrose family (but not related to the evening primrose family), are a family of herbaceous and woody flowering plants including some favourite garden plants and wildflowers. Most are perennial though som ...

Batsch ex Borkh., nom. cons. **

Theaceae Theaceae (), the tea family, is a family of flowering plants comprising shrubs and trees, including the economically important tea plant, and the ornamental camellias. It can be described as having from seven to 40 genera, depending on the sour ...

Mirb., nom. cons. **

Symplocaceae Symplocaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Ericales, including two genera, ''Symplocos ''Symplocos'' is a genus of flowering plants in the order Ericales. It contains about 300 species distributed in Asia and the Americas. Man ...

Desf., nom. cons. **

Diapensiaceae Diapensiaceae is a small family of flowering plants, which includes 15 species in 6 genera. The genera include '' Berneuxia'' Decne. (1 species), '' Diapensia'' L. (5 species), ''Galax'' Sims (1 species), '' Pyxidanthera'' Michx. (2 species), '' ...

Lindl., nom. cons. ** Styracaceae DC. & Spreng., nom. cons. **

Sarraceniaceae Sarraceniaceae are a family of pitcher plants, belonging to order Ericales (previously Nepenthales). The family comprises three extant genera: ''Sarracenia'' (North American pitcher plants), '' Darlingtonia'' (the cobra lily or California pitc ...

Dumort., nom. cons. ** Roridulaceae Martinov, nom. cons. **

Actinidiaceae The Actinidiaceae are a small family of flowering plants. The family has three genera and about 360 species and is a member of the order Ericales. Distribution They are temperate and subtropical woody vines, shrubs, and trees, native to As ...

Gilg & Werderm., nom. cons. **

Clethraceae The Clethraceae are a small family of flowering plants in the order Ericales, composed of two genera, ''Clethra'' and '' Purdiaea'', with approximately 75 species. They are native to warm temperate to tropical regions of Asia and the Americas, w ...

Klotzsch, nom. cons. **

Cyrillaceae The Cyrillaceae are a small family (biology), family of flowering plants in the order Ericales, native to warm temperate to tropical regions of the Americas. The family comprises two genera, ''Cliftonia'' and ''Cyrilla'', each containing a single ...

Lindl., nom. cons. **

Ericaceae The Ericaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the heath or heather family, found most commonly in acidic and infertile growing conditions. The family is large, with c.4250 known species spread across 124 genera, making it th ...

Juss., nom. cons. **

Mitrastemonaceae ''Mitrastemon'' is a genus of two widely disjunct species of parasitic plants. It is the only genus within the family Mitrastemonaceae. ''Mitrastemon'' species are root endoparasites, which grow on Fagaceae. It is also a non-photosynthetic plant ...

Makino, nom. cons. (placement in order unclear) *

Tiegh. † ** Oncothecaceae Kobuski ex Airy Shaw **

Icacinaceae The Icacinaceae, also called the white pear family, are a family of flowering plants,"Icacinaceae" At: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website At: Missouri Botanical Garden Website (see ''External links'' below). consisting of trees, shrubs, and lianas, pri ...

Miers, nom. cons. * * Metteniusales Takht. † **

Metteniusaceae Metteniusaceae are a family of flowering plants, the only family in the order Metteniusales. It consists of about 10 genera and 50 species of trees, shrubs, and lianas, primarily of the tropics. The family was formerly restricted to just '' Mette ...

H.Karst. ex Schnizl. * *

Garryales The Garryales are a small order of dicotyledons, including only two families and three genera. Description Garryales are woody plants that are either hairless or have very fine hairs. Members of the family Garryaceae are evergreen, whereas thos ...

Mart. **

Eucommiaceae ''Eucommia'' is a genus of small trees now native to China, with a fossil record that shows a much wider distribution. The single living species, ''Eucommia ulmoides'', is near threatened in the wild, but is widely cultivated in China for its ...

Engl., nom. cons. **

Garryaceae Garryaceae is a small family of plants known commonly as the silktassels.Garryaceae.
Flora o ...

Lindl., nom. cons. *

Gentianales Gentianales is an order of flowering plants, included within the asterid clade of eudicots. It comprises more than 20,000 species in about 1,200 genera in 5 families. More than 80% of the species in this order belong to the family Rubiaceae. Man ...

Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl **

Rubiaceae The Rubiaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with interpetiolar stipules a ...

Juss., nom. cons. **

Gentianaceae Gentianaceae is a family of flowering plants of 103 genera and about 1600 species. Etymology The family takes its name from the genus '' Gentiana'', named after the Illyrian king Gentius. Distribution Distribution is cosmopolitan. Characteri ...

Juss., nom. cons. **

Loganiaceae The Loganiaceae are a family of flowering plants classified in order Gentianales. The family includes up to 13 genera, distributed around the world's tropics. There are not any great morphological characteristics to distinguish these taxa from ot ...

R.Br. ex Mart., nom. cons. **

Gelsemiaceae Gelsemiaceae is a family of flowering plants, belonging to the order Gentianales. The family contains only three genera: '' Gelsemium'', '' Mostuea'' and '' Pteleocarpa''. ''Gelsemium'' has three species, one native to Southeast Asia and southern ...

L.Struwe & V.A.Albert * (including Pteleocarpaceae Brummitt) **

Apocynaceae Apocynaceae (from ''Apocynum'', Greek for "dog-away") is a family of flowering plants that includes trees, shrubs, herbs, stem succulents, and vines, commonly known as the dogbane family, because some taxa were used as dog poison Members of ...

Juss., nom. cons. *

Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl † **

Boraginaceae Boraginaceae, the borage or forget-me-not family, includes about 2,000 species of shrubs, trees and herbs in 146, to 156 genera with a worldwide distribution. The APG IV system from 2016 classifies the Boraginaceae as single family of the or ...

Juss., nom. cons. (including Codonaceae Weigend & Hilger) * Vahliales Doweld † ** Vahliaceae Dandy *

Solanales The Solanales are an order of flowering plants, included in the asterid group of dicotyledons. Some older sources used the name Polemoniales for this order. Taxonomy Under the older Cronquist system, the latter three families were placed elsewh ...

Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl **

Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae (), commonly called the bindweeds or morning glories, is a family of about 60 genera and more than 1,650 species. These species are primarily herbaceous vines, but also include trees, shrubs and herbs. The tubers of several spe ...

Juss., nom. cons. ** Solanaceae Juss., nom. cons. **

Montiniaceae Montiniaceae is a family of flowering plants. It includes two or three genera of shrubs and small trees, native to southwest Africa and tropical East Africa as well as Madagascar. The genera '' Grevea'' and '' Montinia'' are included in most c ...

Nakai, nom. cons. **

Sphenocleaceae ''Sphenoclea'' is a genus of succulent erect annual herbs. They occur in damp habitats throughout the tropics. There are two species, '' S. zeylanica'' and '' S. pongatium''. The genus is placed alone in family Sphenocleaceae. The posi ...

T.Baskerv., nom. cons. **

Hydroleaceae ''Hydrolea'' (false fiddleleaf) is the only genus of the family Hydroleaceae of the order Solanales The Solanales are an order of flowering plants, included in the asterid group of dicotyledons. Some older sources used the name Polemoniales f ...

R.Br. *

Lamiales The order Lamiales (also known as the mint order) are an order in the asterid group of dicotyledonous flowering plants. It includes about 23,810 species, 1,059 genera, and is divided into about 25 families. These families include Acanthaceae, Big ...

Bromhead **

Plocospermataceae ''Plocosperma'' is the sole genus in the Plocospermataceae,Stevens, P.F. (2001 onwards)Plocospermataceae ''Angiosperm Phylogeny Website'', retrieved 2013-08-15 a family of flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fru ...

Hutch. ** Carlemanniaceae Airy Shaw **

Oleaceae Oleaceae, also known as the olive family, is a taxonomic family of flowering shrubs, trees, and a few lianas in the order Lamiales, It presently comprises 28 genera, one of which is recently extinct.Peter S. Green. 2004. "Oleaceae". pages 2 ...

Hoffmanns. & Link, nom. cons. **

Tetrachondraceae Tetrachondraceae is a plant family in the order Lamiales The order Lamiales (also known as the mint order) are an order in the asterid group of dicotyledonous flowering plants. It includes about 23,810 species, 1,059 genera, and is divided in ...

Wettst. **

Calceolariaceae Calceolariaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Lamiales that has been recently segregated from Scrophulariaceae. The family includes three genera, '' Calceolaria'', '' Porodittia'', and '' Jovellana'', but analysis suggests that ...

Olmstead **

Gesneriaceae Gesneriaceae, the gesneriad family, is a family of flowering plants consisting of about 152 genera and ca. 3,540 species in the tropics and subtropics of the Old World (almost all Didymocarpoideae) and the New World (most Gesnerioideae), wi ...

Rich. & Juss., nom. cons. * (the position of ''Peltanthera'' Benth. is problematic and here considered unplaced to family) **

Plantaginaceae Plantaginaceae, the plantain family, is a large, diverse family of flowering plants in the order Lamiales that includes common flowers such as snapdragon and foxglove. It is unrelated to the banana-like fruit also called "plantain." In older cl ...

Juss., nom. cons. **

Scrophulariaceae The Scrophulariaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the figwort family. The plants are annual and perennial herbs, as well as shrubs. Flowers have bilateral (zygomorphic) or rarely radial (actinomorphic) symmetry. The Scr ...

Juss., nom. cons. **

Stilbaceae ''Stilbaceae'' is a family of flowering plants in the order Lamiales. Genera include: *'' Anastrabe'' E. Mey. ex Benth. *'' Bowkeria'' Harv. *'' Campylostachys'' Kunth *'' Charadrophila'' Marloth *'' Euthystachys'' A. DC. *'' Halleria'' ...

Kunth, nom. cons. **

Linderniaceae Linderniaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Lamiales, which consists of about 25 genera and 265 species occurring worldwide. '' Vandellia micrantha'' is eaten in Laos, but tastes bitter. Best known are the wishbone flowers ''Toreni ...

Borsch et al. **

Byblidaceae ''Byblis'' ( ) is a small genus of carnivorous plants, sometimes termed the rainbow plants for the attractive appearance of their mucilage-covered leaves in bright sunshine. Native to Australia and New Guinea, it is the only genus in the f ...

Domin, nom. cons. **

Martyniaceae Martyniaceae is a family of flowering plants in the Lamiales order that are restricted to the Americas. The family was included in Pedaliaceae in the Cronquist system (under order Scrophulariales) but is recognized as a separate family by the An ...

Horan., nom. cons. **

Pedaliaceae Pedaliaceae, the pedalium family or sesame family, is a flowering plant family classified in the order Lamiales. The family includes sesame (''Sesamum indicum''), the source of sesame seeds. It comprises 13 genera and approximately 70 spec ...

R.Br., nom. cons. **

Acanthaceae Acanthaceae is a family (the acanthus family) of dicotyledonous flowering plants containing almost 250 genera and about 2500 species. Most are tropical herbs, shrubs, or twining vines; some are epiphytes. Only a few species are distributed in tem ...

Juss., nom. cons. **

Bignoniaceae Bignoniaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Lamiales commonly known as the bignonias or trumpetvines.Vernon H. Heywood, Richard K. Brummitt, Ole Seberg, and Alastair Culham. ''Flowering Plant Families of the World''. Firefly Book ...

Juss., nom. cons. **

Lentibulariaceae Lentibulariaceae is a family of carnivorous plants containing three genera: ''Genlisea'', the corkscrew plants; ''Pinguicula'', the butterworts; and ''Utricularia'', the bladderworts. The genera ''Polypompholyx'' (two species of pink petticoats ...

Rich., nom. cons. **

Schlegeliaceae Schlegeliaceae is a family of plants native to tropical America. This family is sometimes included in Scrophulariaceae The Scrophulariaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the figwort family. The plants are annual and per ...

Reveal **

Thomandersiaceae ''Thomandersia'' is the sole genus in the Thomandersiaceae, an African family of flowering plants. ''Thomandersia'' is a genus of shrubs and small trees, with six species native to Central and West Africa. ''Thomandersia'' traditionally has be ...

Sreem. **

Verbenaceae The Verbenaceae ( ), the verbena family or vervain family, is a family of mainly tropical flowering plants. It contains trees, shrubs, and herbs notable for heads, spikes, or clusters of small flowers, many of which have an aromatic smell. The ...

J.St.Hil., nom. cons. ** Lamiaceae Martinov, nom. cons. (= Labiatae Juss., nom. cons.) **

Mazaceae Mazaceae is a family of plants in the order Lamiales. The family was described by James L. Reveal in 2011. Genera in this family were most recently previously included in Phrymaceae and in older classifications were placed in Scrophulariaceae. G ...

Reveal **

Phrymaceae Phrymaceae, also known as the lopseed family, is a small family of flowering plants in the order Lamiales.Peter F. Stevens (2001 onwards). "Phrymaceae" At: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. At: Botanical Databases At: Missouri Botanical Garden Websit ...

Schauer, nom. cons. * **

Paulowniaceae Paulowniaceae are a family of flowering plants within the Lamiales. They are a monophyletic and monogeneric family of trees with currently 7 confirmed species. They were formerly placed within Scrophulariaceae ''sensu lato'', or as a segregate of ...

Nakai **

Orobanchaceae Orobanchaceae, the broomrapes, is a family of mostly parasitic plants of the order Lamiales, with about 90 genera and more than 2000 species. Many of these genera (e.g., ''Pedicularis'', ''Rhinanthus'', ''Striga'') were formerly included in th ...

Vent., nom. cons. * (including Lindenbergiaceae Doweld, Rehmanniaceae Reveal) *

Aquifoliales The Aquifoliales are an order of flowering plants, including the Aquifoliaceae (holly) family, and also the Helwingiaceae (2-5 species of temperate Asian shrubs) and the Phyllonomaceae (4 species of Central American trees and shrubs). In 2001, t ...

Senft **

Stemonuraceae Stemonuraceae is a eudicot family of flowering plants. Genera This listing was sourced from the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website and Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew * '' Cantleya'' * '' Codiocarpus'' * '' Discophora'' * '' Gastrolepis'' * ''Gomphand ...

Kårehed **

Cardiopteridaceae Cardiopteridaceae is a eudicot family of flowering plants. It consists of about 43 species of trees, shrubs, and woody vines, mostly of the tropics, but with a few in temperate regions.Vernon H. Heywood, Richard K. Brummitt, Ole Seberg, and Alas ...

Blume, nom. cons. **

Phyllonomaceae ''Phyllonoma'' is a genus consisting of 4 species of trees and shrubs. ''Phyllonoma'' is the sole genus in the family Phyllonomaceae (an alternative name for the family is Dulongiaceae). ''Phyllonoma'' species are native to South and Central Amer ...

Small **

Helwingiaceae The genus ''Helwingia'' consists of shrubs or rarely small trees native to eastern Asia, the Himalayas, and northern Indochina. It is the only genus in the family Helwingiaceae. Description The plants have alternate, evergreen or deciduous leave ...

Decne. **

Aquifoliaceae ''Ilex'' (), or holly, is a genus of over 570 species of flowering plants in the family Aquifoliaceae, and the only living genus in that family. ''Ilex'' has the most species of any woody dioecious angiosperm genus. The species are evergree ...

Bercht. & J.Presl, nom. cons. *

Asterales Asterales () is an order of dicotyledonous flowering plants that includes the large family Asteraceae (or Compositae) known for composite flowers made of florets, and ten families related to the Asteraceae. While asterids in general are charact ...

Link **

Rousseaceae Rousseaceae is a plant family in the order Asterales containing trees and shrubs. The fruit is a berry or capsule. Leaves are simple, with toothed margins. Leaf stipules are not seen in this group. The family contains four genera and twelve or t ...

DC. **

Campanulaceae The family Campanulaceae (also bellflower family), of the order Asterales, contains nearly 2400 species in 84 genera of herbaceous plants, shrubs, and rarely small trees, often with milky sap. Among them are several familiar garden plants belo ...

Juss., nom. cons. **

Pentaphragmataceae ''Pentaphragma'' is a genus of flowering plants. ''Pentaphragma'' is the sole genus in Pentaphragmataceae, a family in the order Asterales. These species are fleshy herbs, with asymmetrical leaf blades. They are found in Southeast Asia. ''Pentaph ...

J.Agardh, nom. cons. **

Stylidiaceae The family Stylidiaceae is a taxon of dicotyledonous flowering plants. It consists of five genera with over 240 species, most of which are endemic to Australia and New Zealand. Members of Stylidiaceae are typically grass-like herbs or small shrub ...

R.Br., nom. cons. **

Alseuosmiaceae Alseuosmiaceae is a plant family of the order Asterales found in Australia, New Caledonia, and New Zealand. They are shrubs with leaves arranged in spirals or whorls about the stem. The flowers are solitary or borne in raceme or fascicle inflore ...

Airy Shaw **

Phellinaceae ''Phelline'' is a genus of shrubs and the sole member of the family Phellinaceae, a family of flowering plants endemic to New Caledonia. It is placed in the order Asterales and is related to two other small plant families: Alseuosmiaceae and Arg ...

Takht. **

Argophyllaceae Argophyllaceae is a family of shrubs or small trees belonging to the order Asterales. The family includes c. 24 species in two genera, '' Argophyllum'' and ''Corokia''. Members of the family are native to eastern Australia, New Zealand, Lord How ...

Takht. **

Menyanthaceae Menyanthaceae is a family of aquatic and wetland plants in the order Asterales. There are approximately 60-70 species in six genera distributed worldwide. The simple or compound leaves arise alternately from a creeping rhizome. In the submers ...

Dumort., nom. cons. **

Goodeniaceae Goodeniaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Asterales. It contains about 404 species in twelve genera. The family is distributed mostly in Australia, except for the genus '' Scaevola'', which is pantropical. Its species are found ac ...

R.Br., nom. cons. **

Calyceraceae Calyceraceae is a plant family in the order Asterales. The natural distribution of the about sixty species belonging to this family is restricted to the southern half of South America. The species of the family resemble both the family Asteraceae ...

R.Br. ex Rich., nom. cons. **

Asteraceae The family Asteraceae, alternatively Compositae, consists of over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. Commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family, Compositae w ...

Bercht. & J.Presl, nom. cons. (= Compositae Giseke, nom. cons.) *

Escalloniales Escalloniaceae is a family of flowering plants consisting of about 130 species in seven genera. In the APG II system it is one of eight families in the euasterids II clade (campanulids) that are unplaced as to order. More recent research has prov ...

Link **

Escalloniaceae Escalloniaceae is a family of flowering plants consisting of about 130 species in seven genera. In the APG II system it is one of eight families in the euasterids II clade (campanulids) that are unplaced as to order. More recent research has prov ...

R.Br. ex Dumort., nom. cons. *

Bruniales Bruniales is a valid botanic name at the rank of order. Until recently it was not in use, but a 2008 study suggested that Bruniaceae and Columelliaceae are sister clades. The latest revision of the APG system, APG III, places both families as th ...

Dumort. **

Columelliaceae Columelliaceae is a family of trees and shrubs native to the Andes of South America. In the APG II taxonomy it is placed in the order Lamiales, but a 2008 study suggested that the family is sister to the Bruniaceae, and the Angiosperm Phylogen ...

D.Don, nom. cons. **

Bruniaceae Bruniaceae is a family of shrubs native to the cape region of South Africa. They are mostly restricted to the Cape Province, but a small number of species occur in KwaZulu-Natal. Description Species belonging to the Bruniaceae are heath-like sh ...

R.Br. ex DC., nom. cons. *

Paracryphiales The Paracryphiaceae are a family of woody shrubs and trees native to Australia, southeast Asia, and New Caledonia. In the APG III system of 2009, the family is placed in its own order, Paracryphiales, in the campanulid clade of the asterids. In ...

Takht. ex Reveal ** Paracryphiaceae Airy Shaw *

Dipsacales The Dipsacales are an order of flowering plants, included within the asterid group of dicotyledons. In the APG III system of 2009, the order includes only two families, Adoxaceae and a broadly defined Caprifoliaceae. Some well-known members of th ...

Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl **

Adoxaceae Adoxaceae, commonly known as moschatel family, is a small family of flowering plants in the order Dipsacales, now consisting of five genera and about 150–200 species. They are characterised by opposite toothed leaves, small five- or, more rare ...

E.Mey., nom. cons. (= Viburnaceae Raf., nom. cons. prop.) **

Caprifoliaceae The Caprifoliaceae or honeysuckle family is a clade of dicotyledonous flowering plants consisting of about 860 species, in 33, to 42 genera, with a nearly cosmopolitan distribution. Centres of diversity are found in eastern North America an ...

Juss., nom. cons. *

Apiales The Apiales are an order of flowering plants. The families are those recognized in the APG III system. This is typical of the newer classifications, though there is some slight variation and in particular, the Torriceliaceae may also be divide ...

Nakai **

Pennantiaceae ''Pennantia'' is the sole genus in the plant family Pennantiaceae. In older classifications, it was placed in the family Icacinaceae. Most authorities have recognised three or four species, depending on whether they recognised ''Pennantia baylis ...

J.Agardh **

Torricelliaceae The Torricelliaceae are a family of trees native to Madagascar and southwest Asia. It contains three genera, ''Aralidium'', ''Melanophylla'' and ''Torricellia''. Under the APG II system, each of these genera was placed in its own family, but with ...

Hu **

Griseliniaceae ''Griselinia'' is a genus of seven species of shrubs and trees, with a highly disjunct distribution native to New Zealand and South America. It is a classic example of the Antarctic flora. It is the sole genus in the family Griseliniaceae; in the ...

Takht., nom. cons. prop. **

Pittosporaceae Pittosporaceae is a family of flowering plants that consists of 200–240 species of trees, shrubs, and lianas in 9 genera. Habitats range from tropical to temperate climates of the Afrotropical, Indomalayan, Oceanian, and Australasian realms. T ...

R.Br., nom. cons. **

Araliaceae The Araliaceae are a family of flowering plants composed of about 43 genera and around 1500 species consisting of primarily woody plants and some herbaceous plants. The morphology of Araliaceae varies widely, but it is predominantly distinguish ...

Juss., nom. cons. ** Myodocarpaceae Doweld **

Apiaceae Apiaceae or Umbelliferae is a family of mostly aromatic flowering plants named after the type genus '' Apium'' and commonly known as the celery, carrot or parsley family, or simply as umbellifers. It is the 16th-largest family of flowering plan ...

Lindl., nom. cons. (= Umbelliferae Juss., nom. cons.)

Phylogeny

Like the earlier APG systems, the APG IV revision is based on a phylogenetic tree for the angiosperms, as shown below.

References

Bibliography

* * * * * {{List of systems of plant taxonomy APG 04 2016 in science 2016 introductions